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Comparison of Microplastic Pollution in Beach Sediment and Seawater at UNESCO Can Gio Mangrove Biosphere Reserve

ABSTRACT: Abstract Microplastics have become a global concern due to their persistent properties and impacts on the marine environment. This research investigates pollution sources and behaviors of microplastics at UNESCO Can Gio Mangrove Biosphere Reserve. Density flotation with sodium chloride is employed to extract microplastics from sand at Can Gio Beach, and a double‐filtration procedure is developed to recover microplastics from seawater at the beach and Dong Tranh Cape. The microplastics’ morphology and type are analyzed by micro‐Raman spectroscopy. The results show that microplastics are accumulated at concentrations from 31.99 to 92.56 MPs g−1 at various sand layers. The seawater at Can Gio Beach and Dong Tranh Cape contains 6.44 and 3.75 MPs L−1 of microplastics, respectively. White polyethylene fragments predominate, and all the microplastics comprise small secondary microplastics with a minimum size of 25 µm and a maximum size of 260 µm for fragments and a length of 640 µm for fibers. The proportions of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and polymethylmethacrylate are similar. The differing percentages of other compositions in sand and seawater are attributed to the morphology and density of the microplastics. The results indicate the extent of microplastic pollution and suggest appropriate strategies for tourism development at the Biosphere Reserve. Microplastics in sand and seawater at Can Gio beach were determined by micro‐Raman spectroscopy. The result shows a correlation in composition of plastics in the two locations. Anthropogenic land‐based activities are the pollution source and microplastic distribution is affected by proximity to the source, tides, and the microplastics’ properties.

SUBMITTER: Khuyen V

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8562063 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Mangrove forests being the abode of diverse fauna and flora are vital for healthy coastal ecosystems. These forests act as a carbon sequester and protection shield against floods, storms, and cyclones. The mangroves of the Sundarban Biosphere Reserve (SBR), being one of the most dynamic and productive ecosystems in the world are in constant degradation. Hence, habitat suitability assessment of mangrove species is of paramount significance for its restoration and ecological benefits. The study aims to assess and prioritize restoration targets for 18 true mangrove species using 10 machine-learning algorithm-based habitat suitability models in the SBR. We identified the degraded mangrove areas between 1975 and 2020 by using Landsat images and field verification. The reserve was divided into 5609 grids using 1 km gird size for understanding the nature of mangrove degradation and collection of species occurrence data. A total of 36 parameters covering physical, environmental, soil, water, bio-climatic and disturbance aspects were chosen for habitat suitability assessment. Niche overlay function and grid-based habitat suitability classes were used to identify the species-based restoration prioritize grids. Habitat suitability analysis revealed that nearly half of the grids are highly suitable for mangrove habitat in the Reserve. Restoration within highly suitable mangrove grids could be achieved in the areas covered with less than 75 percent mangroves and lesser anthropogenic disturbance. The study calls for devising effective management strategies for monitoring and conserving the degraded mangrove cover. Monitoring and effective management strategies can help in maintaining and conserving the degraded mangrove cover. The model proves to be useful for assessing site suitability for restoring mangroves. The other geographical regions interested in assessing habitat suitability and prioritizing the restoration of mangroves may find the methodology adopted in this study effective.

Dataset Information

Comparison of Microplastic Pollution in Beach Sediment and Seawater at UNESCO Can Gio Mangrove Biosphere Reserve

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