Dataset Information

Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain sharing in early infection among children with cystic fibrosis.

ABSTRACT:

Background

We previously identified Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates with characteristics typical of chronic infection in some early infections in children with Cystic Fibrosis (CF), suggesting these isolates may have been acquired from other patients. Our objective was to define the extent of P. aeruginosa strain sharing in early CF infections and its impact on antibiotic eradication treatment failure rates.

Methods

We performed whole genome sequencing on isolates from early pediatric CF pulmonary infections and from comparator groups in the same hospital: chronic CF infection, sink drains, sterile site infections and asymptomatic carriage. Univariate logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with treatment failure.

Results

In this retrospective observational study, 1,029 isolates were sequenced. The CF clones Strain B and Clone C were present. In 70 CF patients with early infections, 14 shared strains infected 29 (41%) patients over five years; 16% (n=14) of infections had mixed-strains. In the 70 children, approximately one third of shared strain infections were likely due to patient-to-patient transmission. Mixed-strain infections were associated with strain sharing (odds ratio 8.50; 95% confidence interval 2.2 - 33.4, P = 0.002). Strain sharing was not associated with antibiotic eradication treatment failure; however, nosocomial strain transmission was associated with establishment of chronic infection in a CF sibling pair.

Conclusions

Although early P. aeruginosa CF infection is thought to reflect acquisition of diverse strains from community reservoirs, we identified frequent early CF strain sharing which was associated with the presence of mixed-strains and instances of possible patient-to-patient transmission.

SUBMITTER: Stapleton PJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8563227 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundChronic pulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis results in progressive lung damage. Once colonisation of the lungs with Pseudomonas aeruginosa occurs, it is almost impossible to eradicate. Vaccines, aimed at reducing infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, have been developed. This is an update of a previously published review.ObjectivesTo assess the effectiveness of vaccination against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis.Search methodsWe searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group Trials Register using the terms vaccines AND pseudomonas (last search 30 March 2015). We previously searched PubMed using the terms vaccin* AND cystic fibrosis (last search 30 May 2013).Selection criteriaRandomised trials (published or unpublished) comparing Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccines (oral, parenteral or intranasal) with control vaccines or no intervention in cystic fibrosis.Data collection and analysisThe authors independently selected trials, assessed them and extracted data.Main resultsSix trials were identified. Two trials were excluded since they were not randomised and one old, small trial because it was not possible to assess whether is was randomised. The three included trials comprised 483, 476 and 37 patients, respectively. No data have been published from one of the large trials, but the company stated in a press release that the trial failed to confirm the results from an earlier study and that further clinical development was suspended. In the other large trial, relative risk for chronic infection was 0.91 (95% confidence interval 0.55 to 1.49), and in the small trial, the risk was also close to one. In the large trial, one patient was reported to have died in the observation period. In that trial, 227 adverse events (4 severe) were registered in the vaccine group and 91 (1 severe) in the control group. In this large trial of a vaccine developed against flagella antigens, antibody titres against the epitopes contained in the vaccine were higher in the vaccine group compared to the placebo group (P < 0.0001).Authors' conclusionsVaccines against Pseudomonas aeruginosa cannot be recommended.