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Relationship Between Low Skeletal Muscle Mass and Arteriosclerosis in Western China: A Cross-Sectional Study

ABSTRACT: Objectives: This study explored the prevalence and the correlation between low muscle mass and arteriosclerosis in different gender and age groups, to increase the attention paid to the risk factors of arteriosclerosis in the young and middle-aged population. Methods: This was an analytical, cross-sectional study. Data were obtained from healthy individuals recruited from the Health Management Center of W Hospital. The brachial-ankle pulse-wave velocity was used as an indicator of arteriosclerosis, and a bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to assess the body composition. Results: A total of 36,374 subjects (men, 58.4%; women, 41.6%; mean age, 43.74 ± 12.34 years [range, 18–80 years]) participated in this study. The prevalence of low skeletal muscle mass and arteriosclerosis was 17.7 and 53.1%, respectively, in all subjects. Low skeletal muscle mass was significantly associated with arteriosclerosis (OR: 1.435, 95% CI: 1.343–1.533, P < 0.001) in all subjects, and the association remained significant in young age (OR: 1.506, 95% CI: 1.353–1.678, P < 0.001), middle-age (OR: 1.329, 95% CI: 1.195–1.479, P < 0.001), and old age (OR: 1.676, 95% CI: 1.191–2.358, P = 0.003), and also significant in men (OR: 1.559, 95% CI: 1.396–1.740, P < 0.001) and women (OR: 1.266, 95% CI: 1.143–1.401, P < 0.001). Conclusions and Implications: Our results show that the prevalence of low muscle mass and arteriosclerosis is high in the general population, even among middle-aged people and young people, and confirmed that there is a significant independent association between low skeletal muscle mass and arteriosclerosis in all subjects and in different age and gender subgroups.

SUBMITTER: Li Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8563701 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Although appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and handgrip strength (HGS) are key components of sarcopenia, their underlying biological mechanisms remain poorly understood. We aimed to investigate associations of circulating biomarkers with ASM and HGS in middle-aged black South Africans. This study consisted of 934 black South Africans (469 men and 465 women, aged 41-72 years) from the Middle-aged Soweto cohort. Linear regression models were used to examine relationships between 182 biomarkers (measured with proximity extension assay) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-measured ASM and dynamometer-measured HGS. Age, height, sex, smoking, alcohol, food insecurity, physical activity, visceral adipose tissue, HIV and menopausal status were included as confounders. Regression models showing sex-interactions were stratified by sex. The Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) was used to control for multiple testing, and FDR-adjusted P values were reported. In the total sample, 10 biomarkers were associated with higher ASM and 29 with lower ASM (P < 0.05). Out of these 39 biomarkers, 8 were also associated with lower HGS (P < 0.05). MMP-7 was associated with lower HGS only (P = 0.011) in the total sample. Sex-interactions (P < 0.05) were identified for 52 biomarkers for ASM, and 6 for HGS. For men, LEP, MEPE and SCF were associated with higher ASM (P < 0.001, = 0.004, = 0.006, respectively), and MEPE and SCF were also associated with higher HGS (P = 0.001, 0.012, respectively). Also in men, 37 biomarkers were associated with lower ASM (P < 0.05), with none of these being associated with lower HGS. Furthermore, DLK-1 and MYOGLOBIN were associated with higher HGS only (P = 0.004, 0.006, respectively), while GAL-9 was associated with lower HGS only (P = 0.005), among men. For women, LEP, CD163, IL6, TNF-R1 and TNF-R2 were associated with higher ASM (P < 0.001, = 0.014, = 0.027, = 0.014, = 0.048, respectively), while IGFBP-2, CTRC and RAGE were associated with lower ASM (P = 0.043, 0.001, 0.014, respectively). No biomarker was associated with HGS in women. In conclusion, most biomarkers were associated with ASM and not HGS, and the associations of biomarkers with ASM and HGS displayed sex-specificity in middle-aged black South Africans. Proteomic studies should examine ASM and HGS individually. Future research should also consider sexual dimorphism in the pathophysiology of sarcopenia for development of sex-specific treatment and diagnostic methods.

Project description:BackgroundSarcopenia can contribute to negative outcomes in patients with various lung diseases. However, whether sarcopenia affects prognosis in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has not been reported. Simple measures of muscle mass, derived from chest computed tomography (CT), are increasingly being used to identify patients with sarcopenia. We hypothesized that skeletal muscle mass could be a predictor of prognosis in IPF patients.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 180 patients diagnosed with IPF between January 2010 and December 2015 at a tertiary care hospital in South Korea. We measured thoracic muscle volume by using the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the pectoralis, paraspinal, serratus, and latissimus muscles at the 4th vertebral region (T4CSA) and the erector spinae muscle (ESMCSA) at the 12th vertebral region. CT scans at the time of diagnosis were used for analysis and respective CSA were divided by height squared to normalize for stature. Survival times were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were performed to investigate relationships between clinical parameters and mortality.ResultsMale patients in the lowest quartile of T4CSA divided by height squared (m2) (T4MI) and in the lowest quartile of ESMCSA divided by height squared (m2) (T12MI) were more likely to have higher Gender-Age-Physiology Index scores (T4MI, 3.3?±?1.3 vs 4.0?±?1.6, P?=?0.012; T12MI, 3.2?±?1.3 vs 4.1?±?1.6, P?=?0.002). Male patients in the lowest quartile of T4MI exhibited a significantly lower survival rate (P?=?0.035). After multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, T4MI was a significant risk factor for all-cause mortality (HR, 0.955; 95% CI, 0.913-0.998; P?=?0.041), whereas T12MI was not (HR, 0.980; 95% CI, 0.856-1.121; P?=?0.766).ConclusionsLow skeletal mass normalized for stature at the level of 4th vertebrae which can be acquired by quantifying thoracic skeletal muscle on single-slice axial chest CT, may be a strong risk factor for all-cause mortality in patients with IPF.Trial registrationThe research protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Severance Hospital, South Korea (IRB No.4-2018-0454).

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Relationship Between Low Skeletal Muscle Mass and Arteriosclerosis in Western China: A Cross-Sectional Study

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