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Recent scientific research progress and challenges of COVID-19 pandemic: a global public health event

ABSTRACT: COVID-19 is a highly spreadable viral infection, reported first in Wuhan, China in December 2019 which spreads worldwide later. The pathogen of this disease is SARS-CoV virus. World Health Organization announced first the name of this new disease and declared this outbreak as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. This disaster is the most polarising global pandemic after the World War II which causes significant economic, social, political disruption, and afflicts civilization throughout human history in the world. It becomes an unprecedented challenge for India. At the time of writing this review, some specific vaccines are available but due to mutations in virus, at present it is necessary to early analyse and implement supportive treatments of this infection. Therefore, a thorough investigation is urgently required to construct an outline for the inhibition and treatment of this disease. It is necessary to understand the pathogenic mechanisms, epidemiological characteristics and to detect possible drug targets. In the present article the existing knowledge of COVID-19 including epidemiological and clinical features, available medication and treatment options till date are summarized. In addition, an up-to-date synopsis of the ongoing research progress in designing safe and effective vaccines is also highlighted which will help the human being to combat against this disease and to completely control the pandemic finally. Lastly, some major concerns to be challenged and perspectives for the future development are discussed in this article which will help to give valuable insights into new research directions.

SUBMITTER: Hui S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8564281 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Science studies have been a field of research for different knowledge areas, and they have been successfully used to analyse the construction of scientific knowledge, practice and dissemination. In this study, we aimed to verify how the Zika epidemic has moulded the scientific articles published worldwide by analysing international collaborations and the knowledge landscape through time, as well as research topics and country involvement. METHODOLOGY:We searched the Web of Science (WoS), Scopus and PubMed for studies published up to 31st December 2018 on Zika using the search terms "zika", "zkv" or "zikv". We analysed the scientific production regarding which countries have published the most, on which topics, as well as country level collaboration. We performed a scientometric analysis of research on Zika focusing on knowledge mapping and the scientific research path over time and space. FINDINGS:We found two well defined research areas divided into three subtopics accounting for six clusters. With regard to country analysis, the USA and Brazil were the countries with the highest numbers of publications on Zika. China entered as a new player focusing on specific research areas. When we took into consideration the epidemics and reported cases, Brazil and France were the leading research countries on related topics. As for international collaboration, the USA followed by England and France stand out as the main hubs. The research areas most published included public health-related topics from 2015 until the very beginning of 2016, followed by an increase in topics related to the clinical aspects of the disease in 2016 and the emergence of laboratory research in 2017/2018. CONCLUSIONS:Mapping the response to Zika, a public health emergency, demonstrated a clear pattern of the participation of countries in the scientific advances. The pattern of knowledge production found in this study represented varying country perspectives, research capacity and interests based first on their level of exposure to the epidemic and second on their financial positions regarding science.

Project description:Covid-19 has already taught us that the greatest public health challenges of our generation will show no respect for national boundaries, will impact lives and health of people of all nations, and will affect economies and quality of life in unprecedented ways. The types of rapid learning envisioned to address Covid-19 and future public health crises require a systems approach that enables sharing of data and lessons learned at scale. Agreement on a systems approach augmented by technology and standards will be foundational to making such learning meaningful and to ensuring its scientific integrity. With this purpose in mind, a group of individuals from Spain, Italy, and the United States have formed a transatlantic collaboration, with the aim of generating a proposed comprehensive standards-based systems approach and data-driven framework for collection, management, and analysis of high-quality data. This framework will inform decisions in managing clinical responses and social measures to overcome the Covid-19 global pandemic and to prepare for future public health crises. We first argue that standardized data of the type now common in global regulated clinical research is the essential fuel that will power a global system for addressing (and preventing) current and future pandemics. We then present a blueprint for a system that will put these data to use in driving a range of key decisions. In the context of this system, we describe and categorize the specific types of data the system will require for different purposes and document the standards currently in use for each of these categories in the three nations participating in this work. In so doing, we anticipate some of the challenges to harmonizing these data but also suggest opportunities for further global standardization and harmonization. While we have scaled this transnational effort to three nations, we hope to stimulate an international dialogue with a culmination of realizing such a system.

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Recent scientific research progress and challenges of COVID-19 pandemic: a global public health event

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