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Persistence and metabolism of the diamide insecticide cyantraniliprole in tomato plants

ABSTRACT: Plant uptake and metabolism of pesticides are complex and dynamic processes, which contribute to the overall toxicity of the pesticides. We investigated the metabolic fate of cyantraniliprole, a new diamide class of insecticide, during various growth stages of tomato. Cyantraniliprole was the major residue in leaves, flowers, and fruits, with the relative metabolite-to-parent ratios maintained at < 10% up to 28 days after treatment (DAT). Mature leaves contained consistently higher residues of cyantraniliprole than young leaves throughout the study. Flowers contained the highest cyantraniliprole residues up to 21 DAT, then gradually decreased. Immature green fruits had the highest cyantraniliprole residues (5.3 ± 0.7 ng/g; 42 DAT), and decreased toward red ripening stages (1.4 ± 0.2 ng/g; 84 DAT). Metabolism of cyantraniliprole primarily occurred in the foliage, where 21 metabolites were tentatively identified. Flowers and fruits contained 14 and four of these metabolites, respectively. Major transformation pathways were characterized by ring closure, followed by N-demethylation, and glycosylation. Additionally, plant metabolism of cyantraniliprole was also associated with several minor phase-I, phase-II, and breakdown metabolites. The occurrence of these metabolites in plants varied as a function of tissue types and their developmental stages. Our study highlights a tissue-specific biotransformation and accumulation of metabolites of cyantraniliprole in tomato.

SUBMITTER: Huynh K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8566514 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundThere is an urgent need for insecticides with novel modes of action against mosquito vectors. Broflanilide is a meta-diamide, discovered and named Tenebenal™ by Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc., which has been identified as a candidate insecticide for use in public health products.MethodsTo evaluate its potential for use in public health, Tenebenal™ was screened using an array of methodologies against Anopheles and Aedes strains. Initially it was assessed for intrinsic efficacy by topical application. Tarsal contact bioassays were then conducted to further investigate its efficacy, as well as its potency and speed of action. The potential of the compound for use in indoor residual spray (IRS) applications was investigated by testing the residual efficacy of a prototype IRS formulation on a range of typical house building substrates, and its potential for use in long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) was tested using dipped net samples. Finally, bioassays using well-characterized insecticide-resistant mosquito strains and an in silico screen for mutations in the insecticide's target site were performed to assess the risk of cross-resistance to Tenebenal™.ResultsTenebenal™ was effective as a tarsal contact insecticide against both Aedes and Anopheles mosquitoes, with no apparent cross-resistance caused by mechanisms that have evolved to insecticides currently used in vector control. Topical application showed potent intrinsic activity against a Kisumu reference strain and an insecticide-resistant strain of Anopheles gambiae. Applied to filter paper in a WHO tube bioassay, Tenebenal™ was effective in killing 100% of susceptible and resistant strains of An. gambiae and Aedes aegypti at a concentration of 0.01%. The discriminating concentration of 11.91 µg/bottle shows it to be very potent relative to chemistries previously identified as having potential for vector control. Mortality occurs within 24 h of exposure, 80% of this mortality occurring within the first 10 h, a speed of kill somewhat slower than seen with pyrethroids due to the mode of action. The potential of Tenebenal™ for development in LLIN and IRS products was demonstrated. At least 12 months residual efficacy of a prototype IRS formulation applied at concentrations up to 200 mg of AI/sq m was demonstrated on a range of representative wall substrates, and up to 18 months on more inert substrates. A dipped net with an application rate of around 2 g/sq m Tenebenal™ killed 100% of exposed mosquitoes within a 3-min exposure in a WHO cone test.ConclusionsTenebenal™ is a potent insecticide against adult Aedes and Anopheles mosquitoes, including strains resistant to classes of insecticide currently used in vector control. The compound has shown great potential in laboratory assessment and warrants further investigation into development for the control of pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes.

Project description:(1) Background: The tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a key tomato insect pest. At present, it is considered to be a serious threat in various countries in Europe, North Africa, and Middle East. The extensive use and the developed resistance of T. absoluta to spinosad causes some concern, which leads to the need for alternative products. (2) Materials and Methods: Several laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the ovicidal properties of a zeolite particle film on T. absoluta. The toxicity of three different zeolites and six zeolite formulations to T. absoluta eggs and larvae was determined using different exposure methods. (3) Results: In general, the formulated zeolites yielded higher egg and larvae mortality values, especially when the zeolite particle film was residually applied. Notable differences in mortality rates from exposure to zeolites compared to other products, such as kaolin, its formulated product Surround, and the insecticide spinosad, were observed. Kaolin and Surround exhibited little or no effect for both application methods, while the hatch rate was reduced by 95% when spinosad was applied topically. Spinosad yielded egg and larvae mortality rates of 100% for both application methods. Additionally, increased oviposition activity was observed in adults exposed to the wettable powder (WP) formulations. These WP formulations increased egg deposition, while Surround and spinosad elicited a negative oviposition response. (4) Conclusions: It can be derived that the tested products, zeolites BEA (Beta polymorph A), FAU (Faujasite), LTA (Linde type A), and their formulations, had no real insecticidal activity against the eggs of T. absoluta. Nevertheless, egg exposure to zeolites seemed to affect the development process by weakening the first instar larvae and increasing their mortality. Subsequently, based on the choice test, no significant difference was observed between the number of eggs laid on the treated leaves and control leaves.

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Persistence and metabolism of the diamide insecticide cyantraniliprole in tomato plants

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