Effects of the Sex Factor on Mouse Iodine Intake: Interactions between the Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolic Syndromes
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Shen H
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8567277 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Alterations of microbiota-gut-brain axis have been invoked in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Mouse models could represent an excellent tool to understand how gut dysbiosis and related alterations may contribute to autistic phenotype. In this study we paralleled gut microbiota (GM) profiles, behavioral characteristics, intestinal integrity and immunological features of colon tissues in BTBR T + tf/J (BTBR) inbred mice, a well established animal model of ASD. Sex differences, up to date poorly investigated in animal models, were specifically addressed. Results showed that BTBR mice of both sexes presented a marked intestinal dysbiosis, alterations of behavior, gut permeability and immunological state with respect to prosocial C57BL/6j (C57) strain. Noticeably, sex-related differences were clearly detected. We identified Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Sutterella, Dehalobacterium and Oscillospira genera as key drivers of sex-specific gut microbiota profiles associated with selected pathological traits. Taken together, our findings indicate that alteration of GM in BTBR mice shows relevant sex-associated differences and supports the use of BTBR mouse model to dissect autism associated microbiota-gut-brain axis alteration.
| S-EPMC5368984 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundEvidence was previously provided for sex-related differences in the human gut microbiota composition, and sex-specific discrepancy in hormonal profiles was proposed as a main determinant of these differences. On the basis of these findings, the assumption was made on the role of microbiota in the sexual dimorphism of human diseases. To date, sex differences in fecal microbiota were demonstrated primarily at lower taxonomic levels, whereas phylum-level differences between sexes were reported in few studies only. In the present population-based cross-sectional research, sex differences in the phylum-level human gut microbiota composition were identified in a large (total n = 2301) sample of relatively healthy individuals from Ukraine.ResultsRelative abundances of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, as determined by qRT-PCR, were found to be significantly increased, while that of Bacteroidetes was significantly decreased in females compared to males. The Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio was significantly increased in females compared to males. Females had 31 % higher odds of having F/B ratio more than 1 than males. This trend was evident in all age groups. The difference between sexes was even more pronounced in the elder individuals (50+): in this age group, female participants had 56 % higher odds of having F/B ratio > 1 than the male ones.ConclusionsIn conclusion, sex-specific differences in the phylum-level intestinal microbiota composition were observed in the Ukraine population. The F/B ratio was significantly increased in females compared to males. Further investigation is needed to draw strong conclusions regarding the mechanistic basis for sex-specific differences in the gut microbiota composition and regarding the role of these differences in the initiation and progression of human chronic diseases.
| S-EPMC8088078 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We previously reported quantitation of gut microbiota in a panel of 89 different inbred strains of mice, and we now examine the question of sex differences in microbiota composition. When the total population of 689 mice was examined together, several taxa exhibited significant differences in abundance between sexes but a larger number of differences were observed at the single strain level, suggesting that sex differences can be obscured by host genetics and environmental factors. We also examined a subset of mice on chow and high fat diets and observed sex-by-diet interactions. We further investigated the sex differences using gonadectomized and hormone treated mice from 3 different inbred strains. Principal coordinate analysis with unweighted UniFrac distances revealed very clear effects of gonadectomy and hormone replacement on microbiota composition in all 3 strains. Moreover, bile acid analyses showed gender-specific differences as well as effects of gonodectomy, providing one possible mechanism mediating sex differences in microbiota composition.
| S-EPMC4988450 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundDried fruits, such as raisins, contain phytochemicals and dietary fibers that contribute to maintaining health, potentially at least partially through modification in gut microbiota composition and activities. However, the effects of raisin consumption on gut microbiota have not previously been thoroughly investigated in humans. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine how adding three servings of sun dried raisin/day to the diet of healthy volunteers affects gut microbiota composition.MethodsA 14-day exploratory feeding study was conducted with thirteen healthy individuals between the ages of 18 and 59 years. Participants consumed three servings (28.3 g each) of sun dried raisins daily. Fecal samples were collected prior to raisin consumption (baseline) and after the addition of raisins to the diet (on days 7 and 14). To determine the effects of raisin intake, fecal microbiota composition before and after raisin consumption was characterized for each participant by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.ResultsOverall microbiota diversity was not significantly affected by adding raisins to the diet. However, upon addition of raisins to the diet specific OTUs matching Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacteroidetes sp. and Ruminococcus sp. increased in prevalence while OTUs closest to Klebsiella sp., Prevotella sp. and Bifidobacterium spp. decreased.ConclusionOur findings suggest that adding raisins to the diet can affect the prevalence of specific bacterial taxa. Potential health benefits of the observed microbiota changes should be determined in future studies in populations for which specific health outcomes can be targeted.Trial registrationhttp://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Identifier: NCT02713165 .
| S-EPMC6404294 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cesarean (C-section) delivery, recently shown to cause excess weight gain in mice, perturbs human neonatal gut microbiota development due to the lack of natural mother-to-newborn transfer of microbes. Neonates excrete first the in-utero intestinal content (referred to as meconium) hours after birth, followed by intestinal contents reflective of extra-uterine exposure (referred to as transition stool) 2 to 3 days after birth. It is not clear when the effect of C-section on the neonatal gut microbiota emerges. We examined bacterial DNA in carefully-collected meconium, and the subsequent transitional stool, from 59 neonates [13 born by scheduled C-section and 46 born by vaginal delivery] in a private hospital in Brazil. Bacterial DNA was extracted, and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq (San Diego, CA, USA) platform. We found evidence of bacterial DNA in the majority of meconium samples in our study. The bacterial DNA structure (i.e., beta diversity) of meconium differed significantly from that of the transitional stool microbiota. There was a significant reduction in bacterial alpha diversity (e.g., number of observed bacterial species) and change in bacterial composition (e.g., reduced Proteobacteria) in the transition from meconium to stool. However, changes in predicted microbiota metabolic function from meconium to transitional stool were only observed in vaginally-delivered neonates. Within sample comparisons showed that delivery mode was significantly associated with bacterial structure, composition and predicted microbiota metabolic function in transitional-stool samples, but not in meconium samples. Specifically, compared to vaginally delivered neonates, the transitional stool of C-section delivered neonates had lower proportions of the genera Bacteroides, Parabacteroides and Clostridium. These differences led to C-section neonates having lower predicted abundance of microbial genes related to metabolism of amino and nucleotide sugars, and higher abundance of genes related to fatty-acid metabolism, amino-acid degradation and xenobiotics biodegradation. In summary, microbiota diversity was reduced in the transition from meconium to stool, and the association of delivery mode with microbiota structure, composition and predicted metabolic function was not observed until the passing of the transitional stool after meconium.
| S-EPMC5748682 | biostudies-other
Project description:Recent evidence suggests there is a link between metabolic diseases and gut microbiota. To investigate the gut microbiota composition and fecal metabolic phenotype in diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients. DNA was extracted from 50 fecal samples (21 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus-associated retinopathy (DR), 14 with type 2 diabetes mellitus but without retinopathy (DM) and 15 sex- and age-matched healthy controls) and then sequenced by high-throughput 16S rDNA analysis. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics was simultaneously performed on the samples. A significant difference in the gut microbiota composition was observed between the DR and healthy groups and between the DR and DM groups. At the genus level, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Lachnospira and Romboutsia were enriched in DR patients compared to healthy individuals, while Akkermansia was depleted. Compared to those in the DM patient group, five genera, including Prevotella, were enriched, and Bacillus, Veillonella, and Pantoea were depleted in DR patients. Fecal metabolites in DR patients significantly differed from those in the healthy population and DM patients. The levels of carnosine, succinate, nicotinic acid and niacinamide were significantly lower in DR patients than in healthy controls. Compared to those in DM patients, nine metabolites were enriched, and six were depleted in DR patients. KEGG annotation revealed 17 pathways with differentially abundant metabolites between DR patients and healthy controls, and only two pathways with differentially abundant metabolites were identified between DR and DM patients, namely, the arginine-proline and α-linolenic acid metabolic pathways. In a correlation analysis, armillaramide was found to be negatively associated with Prevotella and Subdoligranulum and positively associated with Bacillus. Traumatic acid was negatively correlated with Bacillus. Our study identified differential gut microbiota compositions and characteristic fecal metabolic phenotypes in DR patients compared with those in the healthy population and DM patients. Additionally, the gut microbiota composition and fecal metabolic phenotype were relevant. We speculated that the gut microbiota in DR patients may cause alterations in fecal metabolites, which may contribute to disease progression, providing a new direction for understanding DR.
| S-EPMC8554156 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Individuals with naturally long-life spans have been extensively studied to gain a greater understanding of what factors contribute to their overall health and ability to delay or avoid certain diseases. Our previous work showed that gut microbiota can be a new avenue in healthy aging studies. In the present study, a total of 86 Chinese individuals were assigned into three groups: the long-living group (90 + years old; n = 28), the elderly group (65-75 years old; n = 31), and the young group (24-48 years old; n = 27). These groups were used to explore the composition and functional genes in the microbiota community by using the metagenomic sequencing method. We found that long-living individuals maintained high diversity in gene composition and functional profiles. Furthermore, their microbiota displays less inter-individual variation than that of elderly adults. In the taxonomic composition, it was shown that long-living people contained more short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria and a decrease in certain pathogenic bacteria. Functional analysis also showed that the long-living people were enriched in metabolism metabolites methanol, trimethylamine (TMA), and CO2 to methane, and lysine biosynthesis, but the genes related to riboflavin (vitamin B2) metabolism and tryptophan biosynthesis were significantly reduced in long-living individuals. Further, we found that long-living people with enriched SCFA- and lactic-producing bacteria and related genes, highly centered on producing key lactic acid genes (ldhA) and the genes of lysine that are metabolized to the butyrate pathway. In addition, we compared the gut microbiota signatures of longevity in different regions and found that the composition of the gut microbiota of the long-lived Chinese and Italian people was quite different, but both groups were enriched in genes related to methane production and glucose metabolism. In terms of SCFA metabolism, the Chinese long-living people were enriched with bacteria and genes related to butyric acid production, while the Italian long-living people were enriched with more acetic acid-related genes. These findings suggest that the gut microbiota of Chinese long-living individuals include more SCFA-producing bacteria and genes, metabolizes methanol, TMA, and CO2, and contains fewer pathogenic bacteria, thereby potentially contributing to the healthy aging of humans.
| S-EPMC9300991 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A growing body of evidence has indicated an expanding functional network of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) family proteins beyond regulation of cell death and survival. Here, we examined the role and mechanisms of BH3 interacting-domain death agonist (BID), a pro-death BCL-2 family member, in the development of diet-induced metabolic dysfunction. Mice deficient in bid (bid-/- ) were resistant to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis, and dyslipidemia with an increased insulin sensitivity. Indirect calorimetry analysis indicated that bid deficiency increased metabolic rate and decreased respiratory exchange ratio, suggesting a larger contribution of lipids to overall energy expenditure. While expression of several genes related to lipid accumulation was only increased in wild-type livers, metabolomics analysis revealed a consistent reduction in fatty acids but an increase in certain sugars and Krebs cycle intermediates in bid-/- livers. Gut microbiota (GM) analysis indicated that HFD induced gut dysbiosis with differential patterns in wild-type and in bid-/- mice. Notably, abrogation of GM by antibiotics during HFD feeding eliminated the beneficial effects against obesity and hepatic steatosis conferred by the bid deficiency. Conclusion: These results indicate that the protective role of bid-deficiency against diet-induced metabolic dysfunction interacts with the function of GM.
| S-EPMC9701492 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The melanocortin peptides have an important role in regulating body weight and appetite. Mice that lack the desacetyl-α-MSH and α-MSH peptides (Pomctm1/tm1) develop obesity. This effect is exacerbated by a high fat diet (HFD). However, development of obesity in female Pomctm1/tm1 mice during chronic HFD conditions is not fully accounted for by the increased energy intake. We hypothesized that the protection against chronic HFD-induced obesity imparted by MSH peptides in females is mediated by sex-specific alterations in the gut structure and gut microbiota. We determined that female WT mice had reduced jejunum villus length and increased crypt depth in response to chronic HFD. WT males and Pomctm1/tm1 mice lacked this adaptation to a chronic HFD. Both Pomctm1/tm1 genotype and chronic HFD were significantly associated with gut microbiota composition. Sex-specific associations between Pomctm1/tm1 genotype and gut microbiota were observed in the presence of a chronic HFD. Pomctm1/tm1 females had significantly reduced fecal acetate and propionate concentrations when compared to WT females. We conclude that MSH peptides influence jejunum villus length, crypt depth and the structure of the gut microbiota. These effects favor reduced nutrient absorption and occur in addition to the recognized roles of desacetyl-α-MSH and α-MSH peptides in appetite control.
| S-EPMC7641164 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Compositional changes in the gut microbiota have been associated with a variety of medical conditions such as obesity, Crohn's disease, and diabetes. However, connecting microbial community composition to ecosystem function remains a challenge. Here, we introduce MICOM, a customizable metabolic model of the human gut microbiome. By using a heuristic optimization approach based on L2 regularization, we were able to obtain a unique set of realistic growth rates that corresponded well with observed replication rates. We integrated adjustable dietary and taxon abundance constraints to generate personalized metabolic models for individual metagenomic samples. We applied MICOM to a balanced cohort of metagenomes from 186 people, including a metabolically healthy population and individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Model results showed that individual bacterial genera maintained conserved niche structures across humans, while the community-level production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was heterogeneous and highly individual specific. Model output revealed complex cross-feeding interactions that would be difficult to measure in vivo Metabolic interaction networks differed somewhat consistently between healthy and diabetic subjects. In particular, MICOM predicted reduced butyrate and propionate production in a diabetic cohort, with restoration of SCFA production profiles found in healthy subjects following metformin treatment. Overall, we found that changes in diet or taxon abundances have highly personalized effects. We believe MICOM can serve as a useful tool for generating mechanistic hypotheses for how diet and microbiome composition influence community function. All methods are implemented in an open-source Python package, which is available at https://github.com/micom-dev/micomIMPORTANCE The bacterial communities that live within the human gut have been linked to health and disease. However, we are still just beginning to understand how those bacteria interact and what potential interventions to our gut microbiome can make us healthier. Here, we present a mathematical modeling framework (named MICOM) that can recapitulate the growth rates of diverse bacterial species in the gut and can simulate metabolic interactions within microbial communities. We show that MICOM can unravel the ecological rules that shape the microbial landscape in our gut and that a given dietary or probiotic intervention can have widely different effects in different people.
| S-EPMC6977071 | biostudies-literature