Browse
Submit Data
Databases
API
Help

Dataset Information

17 Views

0 Connections

0 Citations

0 Reanalyses

0 Downloads

Omics score: 0

UVB (290–315 nm) inactivation of the SARS CoV-2 virus as a function of the standard UV index

ABSTRACT: The inactivation time for the SARS CoV-2 virus, mostly by a portion of UVB spectrum (290–315 nm) in sunlight, has been estimated using radiative transfer calculations and a relative wavelength sensitivity virus inactivation action spectrum ALS. The action spectrum is adjusted for the SARS CoV-2 virus using a derived UV dose D90 = 3.2 J/m2 for 90% inactivation to match laboratory results for the inactivation of SARS CoV-2 virus droplets on steel mesh. Estimation of the time for 90% inactivation T90 at a specific geographic location can be simplified using the commonly published or calculated UV index (UVI). The use of UVI has the advantage that information on the amount of ozone, the site altitude, and the degree of cloud cover are built into the published UVI calculation. Simple power-law T90(UVI) = a UVIb fitting equations are derived that provide estimates of T90(UVI) for 270 specific locations. Using the results from the 270 locations, a generalized latitude θ dependence is presented for the coefficients a(θ) and b(θ) that enables T90(θ, UVI) to be estimated for 60°S ≤ θ ≤ 60°N and for noon and 2 h around local solar noon.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11869-021-01099-3.

SUBMITTER: Herman J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8567976 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Json Xml

Similar Datasets

Inactivation times from 290 to 315 nm UVB in sunlight for SARS coronaviruses CoV and CoV-2 using OMI satellite data for the sunlit Earth.

Project description:UVB in sunlight, 290-315 nm, can inactivate SARS CoV and SARS CoV-2 viruses on surfaces and in the air. Laboratory exposure to ultraviolet irradiance in the UVC range inactivates many viruses and bacteria in times less than 30 min. Estimated UVB inactivation doses from sunlight in J/m2 are obtained from UVC measurements and radiative transfer calculations, weighted by a virus inactivation action spectrum, using OMI satellite atmospheric data for ozone, clouds, and aerosols. For SARS CoV, using an assumed UVC dose near the mid-range of measured values, D 90 = 40 J/m2, 90% inactivation times T 90 are estimated for exposure to midday 10:00-14:00 direct plus diffuse sunlight and for nearby locations in the shade (diffuse UVB only). For the assumed D 90 = 40 J/m2 model applicable to SARS CoV viruses, calculated estimates show that near noon 11:00-13:00 clear-sky direct sunlight gives values of T 90 < 90 min for mid-latitude sites between March and September and less than 60 min for many equatorial sites for 12 months of the year. Recent direct measurements of UVB sunlight inactivation of the SARS CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19 show shorter T 90 inactivation times less than 10 min depending on latitude, season, and hour. The equivalent UVC 254 nm D 90 dose for SARS CoV-2 is estimated as 3.2 ± 0.7 J/m2 for viruses on a steel mesh surface and 6.5 ± 1.4 J/m2 for viruses in a growth medium. For SARS CoV-2 clear-sky T 90 on a surface ranges from 4 min in the equatorial zone to less than 30 min in a geographic area forming a near circle with solar zenith angle < 60O centered on the subsolar point for local solar times from 09:00 to 15:00 h.

| S-EPMC7490326 | biostudies-literature

Rapid, dose-dependent and efficient inactivation of surface dried SARS-CoV-2 by 254 nm UV-C irradiation.

Project description:The COVID-19 pandemic urges for cheap, reliable, and rapid technologies for disinfection and decontamination. One frequently proposed method is ultraviolet (UV)-C irradiation. UV-C doses necessary to achieve inactivation of high-titre SARS-CoV-2 are poorly defined. We investigated whether short exposure of SARS-CoV-2 to UV-C irradiation sufficiently reduces viral infectivity and doses necessary to achieve an at least 6-log reduction in viral titres. Using a box and two handheld systems designed to decontaminate objects and surfaces, we evaluated the efficacy of 254 nm UV-C treatment to inactivate surface dried high-titre SARS-CoV-2. Drying for 2 hours did not have a major impact on the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2, indicating that exhaled virus in droplets or aerosols stays infectious on surfaces for at least a certain amount of time. Short exposure of high titre surface dried virus (3-5*10^6 IU/ml) with UV-C light (16 mJ/cm2) resulted in a total inactivation of SARS-CoV-2. Dose-dependency experiments revealed that 3.5 mJ/cm2 were still effective to achieve a > 6-log reduction in viral titres, whereas 1.75 mJ/cm2 lowered infectivity only by one order of magnitude. SARS-CoV-2 is rapidly inactivated by relatively low doses of UV-C irradiation and the relationship between UV-C dose and log-viral titre reduction of surface residing SARS-CoV-2 is nonlinear. Our findings emphasize that it is necessary to assure sufficient and complete exposure of all relevant areas by integrated UV-C doses of at least 3.5 mJ/cm2 at 254 nm. Altogether, UV-C treatment is an effective non-chemical option to decontaminate surfaces from high-titre infectious SARS-CoV-2.

| S-EPMC8532508 | biostudies-literature

Refractive index of human red blood cells between 290 nm and 1100 nm determined by optical extinction measurements.

Project description:The knowledge of optical properties of biological cells is essential to interpret their interaction with light and to derive morphological information and parameters associated with cell function like the oxygen transport capacity of human red blood cells (RBCs). We present a method to determine the dependence between the refractive index (RI) of human RBCs and their intracellular hemoglobin (Hb) concentration from spectral extinction measurements of a cell suspension. The procedure is based on the analysis of the corresponding ensemble averaged extinction cross section [Formula: see text]. Thus far two complementary approaches have been taken to derive RIs of RBCs. The first one uses homogeneous macroscopic samples prepared by hemolysis for the destruction of the RBCs' membranes and subsequent centrifugation. A second approach is the determination of RIs of single intact cells by microscopic investigation. These techniques are limited to a few discrete wavelengths or a rather narrow wavelength range. In addition most of these techniques require additional information about the concentration dependence. In contrast, our approach yields the RI increment with Hb concentration of intact, reversibly isovolumetrically sphered, oxygenated RBCs over a wide wavelength range from 290 nm to 1100 nm from macroscopic measurements.

| S-EPMC6420646 | biostudies-literature

Fast inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by UV-C and ozone exposure on different materials.

Project description:The extremely rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 has already resulted in more than 1 million reported deaths of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The ability of infectious particles to persist on environmental surfaces is potentially considered a factor for viral spreading. Therefore, limiting viral diffusion in public environments should be achieved with correct disinfection of objects, tissues, and clothes. This study proves how two widespread disinfection systems, short-wavelength ultraviolet light (UV-C) and ozone (O3), are active in vitro on different commonly used materials. The development of devices equipped with UV-C, or ozone generators, may prevent the virus from spreading in public places.

| S-EPMC7872580 | biostudies-literature

Ultrafast-UV laser integrating cavity device for inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses.

Project description:Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation-based methods used for viral inactivation have provided an important avenue targeting severe acute respiratory-syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. A major problem with state-of-the-art UV inactivation technology is that it is based on UV lamps, which have limited efficiency, require high power, large doses, and long irradiation times. These drawbacks limit the use of UV lamps in air filtering systems and other applications. To address these limitations, herein we report on the fabrication of a device comprising a pulsed nanosecond 266 nm UV laser coupled to an integrating cavity (LIC) composed of a UV reflective material, polytetrafluoroethylene. Previous UV lamp inactivation cavities were based on polished walls with specular reflections, but the diffuse reflective UV ICs were not thoroughly explored for virus inactivation. Our results show that LIC device can inactivate several respiratory viruses including SARS-CoV-2, at ~ 1 ms effective irradiation time, with > 2 orders of magnitude higher efficiency compared to UV lamps. The demonstrated 3 orders of magnitude cavity enhancement relative to direct exposure is crucial for the development of efficient real-time UV air and water purification systems. To the best of our knowledge this is the first demonstration of LIC application for broad viral inactivation with high efficiency.

| S-EPMC9279343 | biostudies-literature

Mapping of UV-C dose and SARS-CoV-2 viral inactivation across N95 respirators during decontamination.

Project description:During public health crises like the COVID-19 pandemic, ultraviolet-C (UV-C) decontamination of N95 respirators for emergency reuse has been implemented to mitigate shortages. Pathogen photoinactivation efficacy depends critically on UV-C dose, which is distance- and angle-dependent and thus varies substantially across N95 surfaces within a decontamination system. Due to nonuniform and system-dependent UV-C dose distributions, characterizing UV-C dose and resulting pathogen inactivation with sufficient spatial resolution on-N95 is key to designing and validating UV-C decontamination protocols. However, robust quantification of UV-C dose across N95 facepieces presents challenges, as few UV-C measurement tools have sufficient (1) small, flexible form factor, and (2) angular response. To address this gap, we combine optical modeling and quantitative photochromic indicator (PCI) dosimetry with viral inactivation assays to generate high-resolution maps of "on-N95" UV-C dose and concomitant SARS-CoV-2 viral inactivation across N95 facepieces within a commercial decontamination chamber. Using modeling to rapidly identify on-N95 locations of interest, in-situ measurements report a 17.4 ± 5.0-fold dose difference across N95 facepieces in the chamber, yielding 2.9 ± 0.2-log variation in SARS-CoV-2 inactivation. UV-C dose at several on-N95 locations was lower than the lowest-dose locations on the chamber floor, highlighting the importance of on-N95 dose validation. Overall, we integrate optical simulation with in-situ PCI dosimetry to relate UV-C dose and viral inactivation at specific on-N95 locations, establishing a versatile approach to characterize UV-C photoinactivation of pathogens contaminating complex substrates such as N95s.

| S-EPMC8514565 | biostudies-literature

Structures from "Engineering Neutralizing SARS-CoV Antibodies to Bind SARS-CoV-2"

Project description: Not available

| S-BSST379 | biostudies-other

Thermal inactivation scaling applied for SARS-CoV-2.

Project description:Based on a model of protein denaturation rate limited by an entropy-related barrier, we derive a simple formula for virus inactivation time as a function of temperature. Loss of protein structure is described by two reaction coordinates: conformational disorder of the polymer and wetting by the solvent. These establish a competition between conformational entropy and hydrophobic interaction favoring random coil or globular states, respectively. Based on the Landau theory of phase transition, the resulting free energy barrier is found to decrease linearly with the temperature difference T - Tm, and the inactivation rate should scale as U to the power of T - Tm. This form recalls an accepted model of thermal damage to cells in hyperthermia. For SARS-CoV-2 the value of U in Celsius units is found to be 1.32. Although the fitting of the model to measured data is practically indistinguishable from Arrhenius law with an activation energy, the entropy barrier mechanism is more suitable and could explain the pronounced sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 to thermal damage. Accordingly, we predict the efficacy of mild fever over a period of ∼24 h in inactivating the virus.

| S-EPMC7695547 | biostudies-literature

Rapid thermal inactivation of aerosolized SARS-CoV-2.

Project description:Airborne transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is one of the leading mechanisms of spread, especially in confined environments. The study aims to assess the thermal inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 at high temperatures in the time scale of seconds. An electric heater with a coiled resistance wire is located perpendicularly to the airflow direction inside an air tunnel. The airflow rate through the tunnel was 0.6 m3/h (10 L/ min). SARS-CoV-2 were suspended in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) with 10 % fetal bovine serum (FBS), aerosolized by a nebulizer at a rate of 0.2 L/min and introduced to the airflow inside the heater with the use of a compressor and an aspirator. In the control experiment, with the heater off, SARS-CoV-2 passed through the system. In the virus inactivation test experiments, the heater's outlet air temperature was set to 150 ± 5 °C and 220 ± 5 °C, and the air traveling through the tunnel was exposed to heat for 1.44 s. An inline gelatine filter harvested SARS-CoV-2 that passed through the system. The viral titer obtained from the gelatine filter in the control experiment was about 5.5 log10 TCID50. The virus's loss in viability in test experiments at 150 °C and 220 °C were 99.900 % and 99.999 %, respectively. The results indicate that high-temperature thermal inactivation substantially reduces the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 in the air within seconds.

| S-EPMC8757645 | biostudies-literature

Non-standard bioinformatics characterization of SARS-CoV-2.

Project description:A non-standard bioinformatics method, 4D-Dynamic Representation of DNA/RNA Sequences, aiming at an analysis of the information available in nucleotide databases, has been formulated. The sequences are represented by sets of "material points" in a 4D space - 4D-dynamic graphs. The graphs representing the sequences are treated as "rigid bodies" and characterized by values analogous to the ones used in the classical dynamics. As the graphical representations of the sequences, the projections of the graphs into 2D and 3D spaces are used. The method has been applied to an analysis of the complete genome sequences of the 2019 novel coronavirus. As a result, 2D and 3D classification maps are obtained. The coordinate axes in the maps correspond to the values derived from the exact formulas characterizing the graphs: the coordinates of the centers of mass and the 4D moments of inertia. The points in the maps represent sequences and their coordinates are used as the classifiers. The main result of this work has been derived from the 3D classification maps. The distribution of clusters of points which emerged in these maps, supports the hypothesis that SARS-CoV-2 may have originated in bat and in pangolin. Pilot calculations for Zika virus sequence data prove that the proposed approach is also applicable to a description of time evolution of genome sequences of viruses.

| S-EPMC7966820 | biostudies-literature

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

OmicsDI is an Elixir interoperability service. Learn more ›

OmicsDI Databases

PRIDE
PeptideAtlas
MassIVE
JPOST Repository
Physiome Model Repository

EGA
EVA
ENA
LINCS
PAXDB
Cell Collective

MetaboLights
Metabolomics Workbench
MetabolomeExpress
GNPS
BioModels
FAIRDOMHub

ArrayExpress
dbGaP
ExpressionAtlas
GEO
NODE

Information

Databases
Help
API
Contact us
Code on GitHub
Terms of use
Submit Data