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Drought Sensitivity of Sugarcane Cultivars Shapes Rhizosphere Bacterial Community Patterns in Response to Water Stress

ABSTRACT: Rhizosphere bacteria, the main functional microorganisms inhabiting the roots of terrestrial plants, play important roles in regulating plant growth and environmental stress resistance. However, limited information is available regarding changes occurring within the structure of the root microbial community and the response mechanisms of host plants that improve adaptability to drought stress. In this study, we conducted an experiment on two sugarcane varieties with different drought tolerance levels under drought and control treatments and analyzed the rhizosphere bacterial communities using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Correlation analysis results clarified the influence of various factors on the rhizosphere bacterial community structure. Drought stress reduced the diversity of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere of sugarcane. Interestingly, the bacterial community of the drought-sensitive sugarcane cultivar GT39 changed more than that of the drought-tolerant cultivar ZZ9. In addition, ZZ9 had a high abundance of drought-resistant bacteria in the rhizosphere under optimal soil water conditions, whereas GT39 accumulated a large number of drought-resistant bacteria only under drought stress. GT39 mainly relied on Actinobacteria in its response to drought stress, and the abundance of this phylum was positively correlated with soil acid phosphatase and protease levels. In contrast, ZZ9 mainly relied on Bacilli in its response to drought stress, and the abundance of this class was positively correlated with only soil acid phosphatase levels. In conclusion, drought stress can significantly reduce the bacterial diversity and increase the abundance of drought-resistant bacteria in the sugarcane rhizosphere. The high abundance of drought-resistant bacteria in the rhizosphere of drought-tolerant cultivars under non-drought conditions is an important factor contributing to the high drought adaptability of these cultivars. Moreover, the core drought-resistant bacteria of the sugarcane rhizosphere and root exudates jointly affect the resistance of sugarcane to drought.

SUBMITTER: Liu Q

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8568056 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Different sugarcane cultivars are grown to produce renewable energy and sugar in China. However, we have a limited awareness of the interactive influence of varying sugarcane cultivars on rhizosphere bacterial structure and diversity. Assessing cultivar choice impact on soil bacterial communities is vital since bacterial taxa are frequently impacted by planting performance. Employing high-throughput Illumina sequencing, we examined bacterial communities' assemblage in the rhizosphere of six Chinese sugarcane cultivars (Regan14-62, Guitang 08-120, Haizhe 22, Guitang 08-1180, Taitang 22 and Liucheng 05-136). Our results indicated that different sugarcane cultivars have no significant influence on the Shannon index; however, their impact on richness was substantial. There was a difference in the bacterial community structure that is also associated with a change in the community composition, as determined by the DESeq2 results, suggesting that "Haizhe 22 (HZ22)" had a completely different beta diversity as compared to other five cultivars by enriching abundance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Saccharibacteria and Bacteroidetes and reducing the quantity of Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, and Planctomycetes, respectively. The HZ22 rhizosphere significantly enriched six genera (e.g., Devosia, Mizugakiibacter, Mycobacterium, Nakamurella, Rhizomicrobium, and Virgibacillus) relative to other varieties, suggesting an important role in plant disease tolerance and growth development, including soil nutrient cycling and bioremediation. Analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) and correlation analysis revealed that cultivars, soil organic matter, pH and soil moisture were central factors influencing bacterial composition. These findings may help in selection of plant cultivars capable of supporting highly abundant specific beneficial microbial groups, improving plant disease resistance, growth stimulation, and soil bioremediation capabilities, further leading to improvements in breeding strategies.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-03091-1.

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Drought Sensitivity of Sugarcane Cultivars Shapes Rhizosphere Bacterial Community Patterns in Response to Water Stress

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