Effect of dietary red grape pomace on growth performance, hematology, serum biochemistry, and meat quality parameters in Hy-line Silver Brown cockerels
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Jonathan O
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8568111 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Grape pomace (GP) represents the main solid by-product deriving from grape processing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary GP intake on nutritional quality, lipid oxidation and volatile profile of chicken meat. A total of 112 Ross 508 broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups and fed for 21 days with a standard diet. For the remaining 28 days of the trial, the control group (CG) continued to receive a standard diet, while the experimental groups (EGs) were fed with diets containing different GP concentrations: 2.5% (EG1), 5% (EG2) and 7% (EG3). Following the slaughtering, samples of breast meat were collected from each group. No significant differences were observed for pH, cooking loss and meat brightness, whereas the GP intake showed effectiveness in inducing variations in drip loss, meat yellowness and redness. The experimental feeding strategy also induced changes in the fatty acid profile, with an overall increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), mainly due to the increase in concentration of linoleic acid. The dietary supplementation also induced a decrease in lipid oxidation in meat, a finding also confirmed by the reduction in volatile aldehydes in 7 days stored raw meat. The feeding strategy based on the use of GP did not induce detrimental effects on the quality of broiler meat and showed the potential to lengthen the shelf-life as a direct consequence of the improvement in the oxidative stability. Overall, the present study showed a viable way for the recovery and the valorization of an agro-industrial by-product, with potential benefits also from an environmental point of view.
| S-EPMC7230919 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In pig production, reducing production costs and improving immunity are important. Grape pomace, a good agricultural by-product, has been thrown away as food waste for a long time. Recently, we found that it could be used as a new source of pig feed. We investigated the effect of grape pomace on inflammation, gut barrier function, meat quality, and growth performance in finishing pigs. Our results indicated that treatment samples showed a significant decrease in water loss, IL-1β, DAO, ROS, and MDA content (p < 0.05). IgA, IgG, IgM, CAT, T-AOC, SOD, and IFN-γ significantly increased compared with those in control samples (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the relative mRNA expression of the tight junction protein occludin showed a significant difference (p < 0.05). Analysis of metagenomic sequencing indicated that grape pomace significantly decreased the relative abundance of Treponema and Streptococcus (p < 0.05). In summary, our results demonstrated that grape pomace could improve meat quality, alleviate inflammation, and decrease oxidative stress.
| S-EPMC10017996 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Important differences have been demonstrated in laboratory parameters from healthy persons in different geographical regions and populations, mostly driven by a combination of genetic, demographic, nutritional, and environmental factors. Despite this, European and North American derived laboratory reference intervals are used in African countries for patient management, clinical trial eligibility, and toxicity determination; which can result in misclassification of healthy persons as having laboratory abnormalities.An observational prospective cohort study known as the Kisumu Incidence Cohort Study (KICoS) was conducted to estimate the incidence of HIV seroconversion and identify determinants of successful recruitment and retention in preparation for an HIV vaccine/prevention trial among young adults and adolescents in western Kenya. Laboratory values generated from the KICoS were compared to published region-specific reference intervals and the 2004 NIH DAIDS toxicity tables used for the trial.About 1106 participants were screened for the KICoS between January 2007 and June 2010. Nine hundred and fifty-three participants aged 16 to 34 years, HIV-seronegative, clinically healthy, and non-pregnant were selected for this analysis. Median and 95% reference intervals were calculated for hematological and biochemistry parameters. When compared with both published region-specific reference values and the 2004 NIH DAIDS toxicity table, it was shown that the use of locally established reference intervals would have resulted in fewer participants classified as having abnormal hematological or biochemistry values compared to US derived reference intervals from DAIDS (10% classified as abnormal by local parameters vs. >40% by US DAIDS). Blood urea nitrogen was most often out of range if US based intervals were used: <10% abnormal by local intervals compared to >83% by US based reference intervals.Differences in reference intervals for hematological and biochemical parameters between western and African populations highlight importance of developing local reference intervals for clinical care and trials in Africa.
| S-EPMC4395286 | biostudies-other
Project description:The use of agroindustry by-products in animal diets allows the use of residues that are not fit for human consumption. In this study, it was investigated whether fattening commercial rabbits during 30 days with a non-medicated feed, with 20% addition of grape pomace (GPD), affected production traits and the fatty acid composition, antioxidants properties, and the shelf life of the meat compared to a conventional strategy (CON). Furthermore, it was tested, by chromatographic analysis, whether this alternative diet allowed the transfer of phenolic compounds to the meat. Thirty-six weaned rabbits were allotted to the two treatments. In each treatment, 18 rabbits were fattened in three indoor cages, each housing three males and three female rabbits. No significant differences were found in live weights (p > 0.05), but the feed conversion rate and carcass weight and yield were found to be impaired in the GPD group (p ≤ 0.05). The GPD group had a higher intramuscular fat percentage (2.01 vs. 1.54), improved polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids ratio (0.75 vs. 0.66), and better atherogenicity (0.71 vs. 0.83) and thrombogenicity (1.14 vs. 1.24) indexes, while the n-6/n-3 ratio was higher (25.4 vs. 20.3). Total volatile basic nitrogen in meat was lower in the GPD group (p = 0.01), suggesting a delayed spoilage. However, no improvements in total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, reducing power, and lipid oxidation (p > 0.05) were found in the meat. Even though the GPD pellets offered to the animals had several grape-derived phenolic compounds, and higher antioxidant properties compared to the CON diet, none of the phenolic compounds detected in feeds were detected in the meat samples.
| S-EPMC8155864 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Studies evaluating the health status and characteristics of free-ranging wildlife populations are scarce or absent for most species. Saurian health assessments are usually performed in species that have conservation issues or that are kept in captivity. The Berthold's bush anole (Polychrus guturossus) is one of eight species belonging to the genus Polychrus, the only representative of the family Polychrotidae. Only a handful of studies have been reported concerning these lizard's morphological variation, ecology, and natural history, probably because P. gutturosus is a canopy dweller and it can be difficult to locate individuals. It is believed that deforestation and habitat modification could pose a threat for this species, although to date no health assessment has been done. The aim of this study was to generate health baseline data on P. gutturosus. Forty Berthold's bush anoles (20 males and 20 females) were sampled at the Pacific versant in Costa Rica, where physical examination, skin and cloacal temperatures, and blood samples were obtained from individuals immediately after capture. Animals from the studied population were all healthy (body condition 2.5-3.0/5.0). No lesions or ectoparasites were detected, but hemoparasites were found in nine individuals. Hematological and biochemical values were obtained, and the morphology of leukocytes were found to be similar to other iguanians. A positive correlation was found between the tissue enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatinine kinase (CK) and a negative correlation was found between skin and cloacal temperatures and AST and CK. There were positive correlations between female weight and total protein, calcium, and the calcium and phosphorus ratio. No significant inter-sex differences were found in biochemical values, despite females being larger than males. This is the first health assessment performed on a free-ranging canopy dwelling lizard. These findings provide baseline data that may be useful for future monitoring if the species faces changes in health status due to anthropogenic causes or natural disturbances.
| S-EPMC7796665 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The search for alternatives to antibiotics in poultry production is still on-going and has been directed towards investigation of the efficacy of different potential alternatives. However, it is important that the sought alternatives are cost-efficient and have no negative impact on meat quality, for ease of adoption and profit maximization. This study aimed at exploiting an agro-industrial waste, grape pomace (GP) as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics and assessing the effects on growth, intestinal morphology, ceca microbiota, ceca short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration, blood biochemical parameters, and breast muscle myopathies of broiler chickens. A total of 576 one-day-old Cobb-500 broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 3 dietary treatments – Negative control (NC, a corn-wheat soybean-based diet), NC + 0.05% bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD), and NC + 2.5% GP. Each treatment was assigned to 8 replicate pens with 25 birds per pen. Body weight (BW), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were determined weekly. On d 36, 2 chickens/pen were euthanized for measuring blood biochemical parameters, ceca SCFA, and ceca microbiota. White striping (WS) and wooden breast (WB) incidence were assessed in 4 chickens/pen on d 42. The GP diet increased (P < 0.05) average FI throughout the feeding phases compared to the other treatments, but overall FCR was similar. Birds in the GP treatment had higher (P < 0.05) villus height (VH) and increased VH:crypt depth ratio in the duodenum and jejunum compared to other treatments. The level of ceca SCFA and the incidence of WS and WB was the same for all treatments. Plasma Ca and P were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in birds fed GP and BMD, compared to the NC. Birds in the GP treatment had significantly reduced (P < 0.05) plasma aspartate transaminase than other treatments. Birds receiving GP had a higher (P < 0.05) relative abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes and reduced (P < 0.05) Firmicutes compared to other treatments. The relative abundance of Bacteroides and Lactobacillus genera were higher (P < 0.05) among birds fed GP compared to other treatments. Inclusion of 2.5% GP in broiler chicken diets improved gut morphology and modified the cecal bacterial community and blood biochemical profiles with no adverse effect on growth performance and meat quality.
| S-EPMC8605297 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Objective: The current research aimed at investigating growth performances and meat yield characteristics of commercial cockerels supplemented with antibiotics and probiotics to the diet. Materials and methods: A total of 1,350 commercial cockerels (ISA Brown) were indiscriminately distributed to 3 treatment groups, each having three replications of 150-day-old chicks based on completely randomized design. The basal diet was treated as the control, while the experimental groups receiving Enrofloxacin 1 gm/kg and Protexin 1 gm/kg feed were considered as antibiotic and probiotic groups, respectively. Bodyweight, feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and other relevant characteristics were recorded weekly until 49 days of trial. In the end, similar number (10) of birds from each replicate group were slaughtered to determine the carcass characteristics. Results: Significantly, better results were found in the overall growth performances of the cockerels in the probiotic-fed treatment group. Highly significant differences were also found in live bodyweight, weight gain, daily gain, FI, FCR, survivability, dressing percentage, abdominal fat, breast meat, drumstick, and thigh weight in the probiotic-fed treatment group compared to the others. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that the inclusion of dietary probiotics has a superior performance to antibiotics and may have the potentiality to be used as an alternative growth enhancer in the diet of cockerels.
| S-EPMC7521824 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The northern Gulf of Mexico supports a diverse community of nearshore seabirds during both breeding and nonbreeding periods of the annual cycle and is also a highly industrialized marine ecosystem with substantial levels of oil and gas development particularly in the west and central regions. Stakeholders in the region often assess risk to species of interest based on these differing levels of development. We collected blood samples from 81 adult and 35 chick eastern brown pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis carolinensis) from 10 colonies across the northern Gulf of Mexico and used these to establish baseline values for hematology and blood biochemistry. We assessed the potential influence of body condition, sex and home range size on hematology and blood biochemistry. We also assessed potential influences of oil and gas activity by considering differing levels of oil and gas development that occur regionally throughout the study area. Although blood analyte concentrations of adults and chicks were often associated with these regional differences, the pattern we observed was not entirely consistent with the differing levels of oil and gas activity across the Gulf, suggesting that regional levels of oil and gas activity around breeding sites may not be the primary drivers of hematology and blood biochemistry. We note that baseline values or reference intervals are not available for other nearshore seabirds that breed in the northern Gulf. Given that exposure and risk may differ among this suite of species based on diet, foraging strategies and life history strategies, similar assessments and monitoring may be warranted.
| S-EPMC9492288 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most prevalent chronic metabolic diseases of the 21st century. Nevertheless, its prevalence might be attenuated by taking advantage of bioactive compounds commonly found in fruits and vegetables. This work is focused on the recovery of polyphenols and polysaccharide-polyphenol conjugates from grape pomace for T2DM management and prevention. Bioactives were extracted by solid-liquid extraction and by pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE). Polyphenolic fraction recovered by PHWE showed the highest value for total phenolic content (427 μg GAE.mg-1), mainly anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins, and higher antioxidant activity compared to the fraction recovered by solid-liquid extraction. Polysaccharide-polyphenol conjugates comprehended pectic polysaccharides to which approximately 108 μg GAE of phenolic compounds (per mg fraction) were estimated to be bound. Polyphenols and polysaccharide-polyphenol conjugates exhibited distinct antidiabetic effects, depending on the extraction methodologies employed. Extracts were particularly relevant in the inhibition of a-glucosidase activity, with free polyphenols showing an IC50 of 0.47 μg.mL-1 while conjugates showed an IC50 of 2.7, 4.0 and 5.2 μg.mL-1 (solid-liquid extraction, PHWE at 95 and 120 °C, respectively). Antiglycation effect was more pronounced for free polyphenols recovered by PHWE, while the attenuation of glucose uptake by Caco-2 monolayers was more efficient for conjugates obtained by PHWE. The antidiabetic effect of grape pomace bioactives opens new opportunities for the exploitation of these agri-food wastes in food nutrition, the next step towards reaching a circular economy in grape products.
| S-EPMC8709276 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Vitis vinifera (grape) contains various compounds with acknowledged phytochemical and pharmacological properties. Among the different parts of the plant, pomace is of particular interest as a winemaking industry by-product. A characterization of the water extract from grape pomace from Montepulciano d'Abruzzo variety (Villamagna doc) was conducted, and the bioactive phenolic compounds were quantified through HPLC-DAD-MS analysis. HypoE22, a hypothalamic cell line, was challenged with an oxidative stimulus and exposed to different concentrations (1 µg/mL-1 mg/mL) of the pomace extract for 24, 48, and 72 h. In the same conditions, cells were exposed to the sole catechin, in a concentration range (5-500 ng/mL) consistent with the catechin level in the extract. Cell proliferation was investigated by MTT assay, dopamine release through HPLC-EC method, PGE2 amount by an ELISA kit, and expressions of neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) by RT-PCR. The extract reverted the cytotoxicity exerted by the oxidative stimulus at all the experimental times in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the catechin was able to revert the oxidative stress-induced depletion of dopamine 48 h and 72 h after the stimulus. The extract and the catechin were also effective in preventing the downregulation of BDNF and the concomitant upregulation of COX-2 gene expression. In accordance, PGE2 release was augmented by the oxidative stress conditions and reverted by the administration of the water extract from grace pomace and catechin, which were equally effective. These results suggest that the neuroprotection induced by the extract could be ascribed, albeit partially, to its catechin content.
| S-EPMC8540556 | biostudies-literature