C-Reactive protein and SOFA scale: A simple score as early predictor of critical care requirement in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Spain.
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ABSTRACT: Objective
To identify potential markers at admission predicting the need for critical care in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.Material and methods
An approved, observational, retrospective study was conducted between March 15 to April 15, 2020. 150 adult patients aged less than 75 with Charlson comorbidity index ≤6 diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia were included. Seventy-five patients were randomly selected from those admitted to the critical care units (critical care group [CG]) and seventy-five hospitalized patients who did not require critical care (non-critical care group [nCG]) represent the control group. One additional cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were used to validate the score.Measurements and main results
Multivariable regression showed increasing odds of in-hospital critical care associated with increased C-reactive protein (CRP) (odds ratio 1.052 [1.009-1.101]; P = 0.0043) and higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (1.968 [1.389-2.590]; P < 0.0001), both at the time of hospital admission. The AUC-ROC for the combined model was 0.83 (0.76-0.90) (vs AUC-ROC SOFA P < 0.05). The AUC-ROC for the validation cohort was 0.89 (0.82-0.95) (P > 0.05 vs AUC-ROC development).Conclusion
Patients COVID-19 presenting at admission SOFA score ≥ 2 combined with CRP ≥ 9.1 mg/mL could be at high risk to require critical care.
SUBMITTER: Vaquero-Roncero LM
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8568297 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:ObjectiveTo identify potential markers at admission predicting the need for critical care in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.Material and methodsAn approved, observational, retrospective study was conducted between March 15 to April 15, 2020. 150 adult patients aged less than 75 with Charlson comorbidity index ≤ 6 diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia were included. Seventy-five patients were randomly selected from those admitted to the critical care units (critical care group [CG]) and seventy-five hospitalized patients who did not require critical care (non-critical care group [nCG]) represent the control group. One additional cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were used to validate the score.Measurements and main resultsMultivariable regression showed increasing odds of in-hospital critical care associated with increased C-reactive protein (CRP) (odds ratio 1.052 [1.009-1.101]; P = .0043) and higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (1.968 [1.389-2.590]; P < .0001), both at the time of hospital admission. The AUC-ROC for the combined model was 0.83 (0.76-0.90) (vs AUC-ROC SOFA P < .05). The AUC-ROC for the validation cohort was 0.89 (0.82-0.95) (P > 0.05 vs AUC-ROC development).ConclusionPatients COVID-19 presenting at admission SOFA score ≥ 2 combined with CRP ≥ 9,1 mg/mL could be at high risk to require critical care.
| S-EPMC7833846 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and aimThe efficacy of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score as predictor of clinical outcomes among ICU-admitted COVID-19 patients is still controversial. We aimed to assess whether SOFA-score in different time intervals could predict 28-day mortality compared with other well-acknowledged risk factors of COVID-19 mortality.MethodsThis observational prospective cohort was conducted on 1057 patients from March 2020 to March 2022 at Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Iran. The univariate and multivariate Cox proportional analysis were performed to assess the hazards of SOFA-score models. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were designed to estimate the predictive values.ResultsMean SOFA-score during first 96 h (HR: 3.82 [CI: 2.75-5.31]), highest SOFA-score (HR: 2.70 [CI: 1.93-3.78]), and initial SOFA-score (HR: 1.65 [CI: 1.30-2.11]) had strongest association with 28-day mortality (p < .0001). In contrast, SOFA scores at 48 and 96 h as well as Δ-SOFA: 48-0 h and Δ-SOFA: 96-0 h did not show significant correlations. Among them, merely mean SOFA-score (HR: 2.28 [CI: 2.21-3.51]; p < .001) remained as independent prognosticator on multivariate regression analysis; though having less odds of predicting value compared with age (HR: 3.81 [CI: 1.98-5.21]), hypertension (HR: 3.11 [CI: 1.26-3.81]), coronary artery disease [CAD] (HR: 2.82 [CI: 1.51-4.8]), and diabetes mellitus (HR: 2.45 [CI: 1.36-2.99]). The area under ROC (AUROC) for mean SOFA-score (0.77) and highest SOFA-score (0.71) were larger than other SOFA intervals. Calculating the first 96 h of SOFA trends, it was obtained that fatality rate was <12.3% if the score dropped, between 28.8% and 46.29% if the score remained unchanged, and >50.45% if the score increased.ConclusionTo predict the 28-day mortality among ICU-admitted COVID-19 patients, mean SOFA upon first 96 h of ICU stay is reliable; while having inadequate accuracy comparing with well-acknowledged COVID-19 mortality predictors (age, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, CAD). Notably, increased SOFA levels in the course of first 96 h of ICU-admission, prognosticate at least 50% fatality regardless of initial SOFA score.
| S-EPMC10154817 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background:This study aimed to select piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP) infusion mode guided by Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score in cancer patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) postoperation. Patients and methods:A total of 120 cancer patients with postoperative HAP were divided into two groups: improved administration group (L group) and conventional treatment group (Con group). The Con group received traditional infusion of TZP and the L group received it as prolonged infusion. Blood drug concentration was detected at different time points. Based on the SOFA cut-off value of 9, the patients were regrouped into M (mild) and S (severe) groups. Results:Percent time that the free drug concentrations remain above the minimum inhibitory concentration (%fT>MIC) was longer than 5 h in L group, but <4 h in Con group. Administration method (p=0.033, OX value 2.796, B value 1.028, 95% CI: 0.855-8.934) and SOFA score (p=0.038, OX value 0.080, B value -2.522, 95% CI: 0.007-0.874) were independent predictors of patient survival. In the S group, compared to conventional treatment, prolonged infusion mode resulted in shorter days of antibiotic use and shorter ventilator time, and achieved longer survival, better clinical efficacy, and lower 28-day mortality rate. Conclusion:For cancer patients with SOFA score ?9, prolonged infusion of TZP could benefit the patients and obtain better clinical efficacy.
| S-EPMC5743125 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo develop a grading scale to predict the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and prognosis after treatment with IV tissue-plasminogen activator (t-PA) in patients with ischemic stroke.MethodsWe constructed a five-point scale based on NIH Stroke Scale score, extent of hypodensity on CT scan, serum glucose at baseline, and history of diabetes to predict the risk of hemorrhage after thrombolysis (HAT score). We evaluated the predictive ability of this scale, using c-statistics, in two independent cohorts: the t-PA treated group in the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke study, and consecutive patients treated with IV t-PA at our institution.ResultsThe percentage of patients who developed any ICH after t-PA increased with higher scores in both cohorts. Collectively, the rate of any symptomatic ICH was 2% (0 point), 5% (1 point), 10% (2 points), 15% (3 points), and 44% (>3 points). The c-statistic was 0.72 (95% CI 0.65-0.79; p < 0.001) for all hemorrhages; 0.74 (0.63-0.84; p < 0.001) for symptomatic hemorrhages; and 0.79 (0.70-0.88; p < 0.001) for hemorrhages with final fatal outcome. Similar results were obtained when each cohort was analyzed separately. The score also reasonably predicted good (mRS < or = 2) (c-statistic 0.75; 0.69-0.80; p < 0.001) and catastrophic (mRS > or = 5) (0.78; 0.72-0.84; p < 0.001) functional outcomes on day 90 in the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke t-PA-treated patients.ConclusionsThe hemorrhage after thrombolysis (HAT) score is a practical, quick, and easy-to-perform scale that allows reasonable risk stratification of intracerebral hemorrhage after IV tissue-plasminogen activator (t-PA). However, the prognostic value of this scale and its use to predict the net benefit from t-PA needs to be refined and prospectively confirmed in a larger cohort of patients before it can be used in clinical decision-making.
| S-EPMC2676961 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPatients receiving intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) for acute ischemic stroke are at risk of developing complications, commonly necessitating admission to an intensive care unit (ICU). At present, most IVT is administered in the Emergency Department or in dedicated stroke units, but no evidence-based criteria exist that allow for early identification of patients at increased risk of developing ICU needs. The present study describes a novel prediction score aiming to identify a subpopulation of post-IVT patients at high risk for critical care interventions.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from 301 patients undergoing IVT at our institutions during a 5-year period. Two hundred and ninety patients met inclusion criteria. The sample was randomly divided into a development and a validation cohort. Logistic regression was used to develop a risk score by weighting predictors of critical care needs based on strength of association.ResultsSeventy-two patients (24.8%) required critical care interventions. Black race (odds ratio [OR] 3.81, p=0.006), male sex (OR 3.79, p=0.008), systolic blood pressure (SBP; OR 1.45 per 10 mm Hg increase in SBP, p<0.001), and NIH stroke scale (NIHSS; OR 1.09 per 1 point increase in NIHSS, p=0.071) were independent predictors of critical care needs. The optimal model for score development, predicting critical care needs, achieved an AUC of 0.782 in the validation group. The score was named the ICAT (Intensive Care After Thrombolysis) score, assigning the following points: black race (1 point), male sex (1 point), SBP (2 points if 160-200 mm Hg; 4 points if >200 mm Hg), and NIHSS (1 point if 7-12; 2 points if >12). Each 1-point increase in the score was associated with 2.22-fold increased odds for critical care needs (95% CI 1.78-2.76, p<0.001). A score ? 2 was associated with over 13 times higher odds of critical care needs compared to a score <2 (OR 13.60, 95% CI 3.23-57.19), predicting critical care with 97.2% sensitivity and 28.0% specificity.ConclusionThe ICAT score, combining information about race, sex, SBP, and NIHSS, predicts critical care needs in post-IVT patients and may be helpful when triaging post-IVT patients to the appropriate monitoring environment.
| S-EPMC4730614 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score is a commonly used severity-of-illness score in cardiac arrest research. Due to its nature, the SOFA score often has missing data. How much data is missing and how that missing data is handled is unknown.ObjectivesWe conducted a scoping review on cardiac arrest studies using SOFA, focusing on missing data.Data sourcesPubMed, Embase, and Web of Science.Study selectionAll English-language peer-reviewed studies of cardiac arrest with SOFA as an outcome or exposure were included.Data extractionFor each study, quantity of missing SOFA data, analytic strategy to handle missing SOFA variables, whether/to what degree mortality influenced the amount of missing SOFA scores), SOFA score modifications, and number of SOFA measurements was extracted.Data synthesisWe included 66 studies published between 2006-2019. Five studies were randomized controlled trials, 26 were prospective cohort studies, and 25 were retrospective cohort studies. SOFA was used as an outcome in 36 (55%) and a primary outcome in 10 (15%). Nine studies (14%) mentioned the quantity of missing SOFA data, which ranged from 0 to 76% (median: 10% [IQR: 6%, 42%]). Twenty-seven (41%) studies reported a method to handle missing SOFA. The most common method used excluded subjects with missing data (81%). In the 50 studies using serial SOFA scores, 11 (22%) documented mortality prior to SOFA measurement; which ranged from 3% to 76% (median: 12% [IQR: 6%-35%]).ConclusionsMissing data is common in cardiac arrest research using SOFA scores. Variability exists in reporting and handling missing SOFA variables.
| S-EPMC8244435 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is one of the leading causes for hospitalization and mortality. Identifying high risk patients is essential to ensure proper management. Sequential Organ Function Assessment Score (SOFA) is considered an excellent score to predict short-term mortality in sepsis and other life-threatening conditions. To assess the capability of SOFA score in predicting short-term mortality in ADHF. We retrospectively identified patients with first hospitalization with primary diagnosis of ADHF between the years (2008-2018). The SOFA score was calculated for all patients. A total 3232 patients were included in the study. The SOFA score was significantly associated with in-hospital mortality and 30-day mortality. The odds ratios for 1-point increase in the SOFA score were 1.86 (95% CI 1.68-1.96) and 1.627 (95% CI 1.523-1.737) respectively. The SOFA Score demonstrated a good predictive accuracy. The areas under the curve of receiver operating characteristic curves for in-hospital mortality and 30-day mortality were 0.765 (95% CI 0.733-0.798) and 0.706 (95% CI 0.676-0.736) respectively. SOFA score is associated with increased risk of short-term mortality in ADHF. SOFA can be used as a complementary risk score to screen high risk patients who need strict monitoring.
| S-EPMC7705654 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The most common scoring system for critically ill patients is the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score. Little is known about specific molecular signaling networks underlying the SOFA criteria. We characterized these networks and identified specific key regulatory molecules. We prospectively studied seven patients with sepsis and six controls with high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNAseq). Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) confirmation was performed in a second independent cohort. Differentially and significantly expressed miRNAs and their target mRNA transcripts were filtered for admission SOFA criteria and marker RNAs for the respective criteria identified. We bioinformatically constructed molecular signaling networks specifically reflecting these criteria followed by RT-qPCR confirmation of RNAs with important regulatory functions in the networks in the second cohort. RNAseq identified 82 miRNAs (45% upregulated) and 3254 mRNAs (50% upregulated) differentially expressed between sepsis patients and controls. Bioinformatic analysis characterized 6 miRNAs and 76 mRNA target transcripts specific for the SOFA criteria. RT-qPCR validated miRNA and mRNAs included IGFBP2 (respiratory system); MMP9 and PDE4B (nervous system); PPARG (cardiovascular system); AKR1B1, ANXA1, and LNC2/NGAL (acute kidney injury); GFER/ALR (liver); and miR-30c-3p (coagulopathy). There are specific canonical networks underlying the SOFA score. Key regulatory miRNA and mRNA transcripts support its biologic validity.
| S-EPMC8468706 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) score is the most commonly used clinical grading scale for outcome prediction after adult ICH. We created a similar scale in children to inform clinical care and assist in clinical research.Children, full-term newborns to 18 years, with spontaneous ICH were prospectively enrolled from 2007 to 2012 at 3 centers. The pediatric ICH score was created by identifying factors associated with poor outcome. The score's ability to detect moderate disability or worse and severe disability or death was examined with sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.The pediatric ICH score components include ICH volume>2% to 3.99% of total brain volume (TBV): 1 point; ICH volume?4% TBV: 2 points; acute hydrocephalus: 1 point; herniation: 1 point; and infratentorial location: 1 point. The score ranges from 0 to 5. At 3-month follow-up of 60 children, 10 were severely disabled or dead, 30 had moderate disability, and 20 had good recovery. A pediatric ICH score?1 predicted moderate disability or worse with a sensitivity of 75% (95% confidence interval [CI], 59% to 87%) and a specificity of 70% (95% CI, 46% to 88%). A pediatric ICH score?2 predicted severe disability or death with a sensitivity and specificity of 90% (95% CI, 55% to 99%) and 68% (95% CI, 53% to 80%), respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for classifying outcome as severe disability or death was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.78-0.97).The pediatric ICH score is a simple clinical grading scale that may ultimately be used for risk stratification, clinical care, and research.
| S-EPMC3910321 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundSequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score predicts probability of in-hospital mortality. Many crisis standards of care suggest the use of SOFA scores to allocate medical resources during the COVID-19 pandemic.Research questionAre SOFA scores elevated among Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic patients hospitalized with COVID-19, compared to Non-Hispanic White patients?Study design and methodsRetrospective cohort study conducted in Yale New Haven Health System, including 5 hospitals with total of 2681 beds. Study population drawn from consecutive patients aged ≥18 admitted with COVID-19 from March 29th to August 1st, 2020. Patients excluded from the analysis if not their first admission with COVID-19, if they did not have SOFA score recorded within 24 hours of admission, if race and ethnicity data were not Non-Hispanic Black, Non-Hispanic White, or Hispanic, or if they had other missing data. The primary outcome was SOFA score, with peak score within 24 hours of admission dichotomized as <6 or ≥6.ResultsOf 2982 patients admitted with COVID-19, 2320 met inclusion criteria and were analyzed, of whom 1058 (45.6%) were Non-Hispanic White, 645 (27.8%) were Hispanic, and 617 (26.6%) were Non-Hispanic Black. Median age was 65.0 and 1226 (52.8%) were female. In univariate logistic screen and in full multivariate model, Non-Hispanic Black patients but not Hispanic patients had greater odds of an elevated SOFA score ≥6 when compared to Non-Hispanic White patients (OR 1.49, 95%CI 1.11-1.99).InterpretationGiven current unequal patterns in social determinants of health, US crisis standards of care utilizing the SOFA score to allocate medical resources would be more likely to deny these resources to Non-Hispanic Black patients.
| S-EPMC8448580 | biostudies-literature