Chikungunya virus molecular evolution in India since its re-emergence in 2005
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Chaudhary S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8570154 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Chikungunya fever is a major public health issue in India. Re-emergence of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in West Bengal was detected after 32 years in 2006. After 2010, this infection was in apparent decline, but in 2016 a massive outbreak affected the country. Present study was carried out to understand CHIKV infection dynamics during recent outbreaks in West Bengal, Eastern India and its implication on disease manifestations. Blood was collected from 641 symptomatic patients. Patients' sera were serologically diagnosed to detect presence of anti-chikungunya-IgM antibodies. Viral RNA was extracted; presence of CHIKV genome and its respective viral load was determined by real time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (real-time qRT-PCR). Statistical analysis was performed using EPI INFO software. CHIKV infection was detected in 24.64% of symptomatic patients. Middle-aged patients (31-40 years) were predominantly affected; clinically, both arthralgia and joint-swelling were significantly prevalent among CHIKV-infected patients. Myalgia, joint-swelling, and arthralgic manifestation were found in significantly higher frequency among patients with high chikungunya viral load (> 10,000 copies/ml). Thus, this study clearly indicated the re-emergence of CHIKV in Eastern India. Significant presence of myalgia, joint swelling, and arthralgia among chikungunya patients with high viral load implied association of disease severity with viral load; requiring vigilance for proper management of infected patients as this disease is highly morbid in nature. However, in addition to chikungunya virus, other viral, bacterial, and protozoal infections also occur during post-monsoon season in India, having overlapping symptoms. Hence, continuous monitoring of these infections is required for better clinical management of patients.
| S-EPMC7058808 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes a severe and often persistent arthralgic disease that is occasionally fatal. A mosquito-borne virus, CHIKV exists in enzootic, non-human primate cycles in Africa, but occasionally emerges into urban, human cycles to cause major epidemics. Between 1920 and 1950, and again in 2005, CHIKV emerged into India and Southeast Asia, where major urban epidemics ensued. Unlike the early introduction, the 2005 emergence was accompanied by an adaptive mutation that allowed CHIKV to exploit a new epidemic vector, Aedes albopictus, via an A226V substitution in the E1 envelope glycoprotein. However, recent reverse genetic studies indicate that lineage-specific epistatic restrictions can prevent this from exerting its phenotype on mosquito infectivity. Thus, the A. albopictus-adaptive A226V substitution that is facilitating the dramatic geographic spread CHIKV epidemics, was prevented for decades or longer from being selected in most African enzootic strains as well as in the older endemic Asian lineage.
| S-EPMC3182774 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundChikungunya virus is an alpha virus with high similarity to Dengue and Zika viruses, both in transmission cycle and in clinical presentation. Chikungunya is a re-emerging mosquito-borne infection known to cause small to very large outbreaks/epidemics at frequent intervals. In 2016, India witnessed a large outbreak of Chikungunya infection affecting more than 58,000 people. This study was undertaken to look at the genotypic phylogeny to know the relatedness with previously reported strains.MethodsDuring the 2016 outbreak, samples from all patients clinically suspected to have Chikungunya were collected and subjected to testing for IgM antibody by ELISA and viral RNA detection by RT-PCR. Sequencing of the E1 gene segment was done to create a phylogenetic tree comparison with other strains.ResultsSerum samples were collected from 142 patients of clinically suspected Chikungunya infection. Majority of the patients were in the age group of 31-50 years accounting for more than 35% of the total cases. Twenty eight samples were positive for IgM antibody. Thirty seven samples were positive for viral RNA by RT-PCR. Only 06 cases were positive by both tests. Mutations in the amino acids K211E, M269V and D284E in the E1 gene segment of the Chikungunya virus were observed in the seven strains that were sequenced. On phylogeny tree, all the strains were found to belong to the ECSA genotype.ConclusionActively searching for the potential epidemic causing mutations and reporting of novel mutations may help in better understanding and probably forecasting of future CHIKV outbreaks and its nature.
| S-EPMC6676464 | biostudies-literature
Project description:During December 2016-May 2017, an outbreak of chikungunya virus infection occurred across Pakistan. The East/Central/South African genotype was predominant. This study provides baseline data on the virus strain and emphasizes the need for active surveillance and implementation of preventive interventions to contain future outbreaks.
| S-EPMC6986857 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo perform a molecular screening to detect infections by the mayaro virus and possible coinfections with Chikungunya during an outbreak in the state of Tocantins/Brazil in 2017.ResultsOf a total 102 samples analyzed in this study, 6 cases were identified with simultaneous infection between mayaro and chikungunya viruses (5.88%). In these 6 samples, the mean Cycle threshold (Ct) for CHIKV was 26.87 (SD ± 10.54) and for MAYV was 29.58 (SD ± 6.34). The mayaro sequences generated showed 95-100% identity to other Brazilian sequences of this virus and with other MAYV isolates obtained from human and arthropods in different regions of the world. The remaining samples were detected with CHIKV monoinfection (41 cases), DENV monoinfection (50 cases) and coinfection between CHIKV/DENV (5 cases). We did not detect MAYV monoinfections.
| S-EPMC9351195 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a vector (mosquito)-transmitted alphavirus (family Togaviridae). CHIKV can cause fever and febrile illness associated with severe arthralgia and rash. Genotypic and phylogenetic analysis are important to understand the spread of CHIKV during epidemics and the diversity of circulating strains for the prediction of effective control measures. Molecular epidemiologic analysis of CHIKV is necessary to understand the complex interaction of vectors, hosts and environment that influences the genotypic evolution of epidemic strains. In this study, different works published during 1950s to 2020 concerning CHIKV evolution, epidemiology, vectors, phylogeny, and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Outbreaks of CHIKV have been reported from Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Maldives in South Asia during 2007-2020. Three lineages- Asian, East/Central/South African (ECSA), and Indian Ocean Lineage (IOL) are circulating in South Asia. Lineage, ECSA and IOL became predominant over Asian lineage in South Asian countries during 2011-2020 epidemics. Further, the mutant E1-A226V is circulating in abundance with Aedes albopictus in India, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Bhutan. CHIKV is underestimated as clinical symptoms of CHIKV infection merges with the symptoms of dengue fever in South Asia. Failure to inhibit vector mediated transmission and predict epidemics of CHIKV increase the risk of larger global epidemics in future. To understand geographical spread of CHIKV, most of the studies focused on CHIKV outbreak, biology, pathogenesis, infection, transmission, and treatment. This updated study will reveal the collective epidemiology, evolution and phylogenies of CHIKV, supporting the necessity to investigate the circulating strains and vectors in South Asia.
| S-EPMC8215147 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) comprise a significant and ongoing threat to human health, infecting hundreds of millions annually. Three such arboviruses include circumtropical dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses, exhibiting continuous emergence primarily via Aedes mosquito vectors. Nicaragua has experienced endemic dengue virus (DENV) transmission involving multiple serotypes since 1985, with chikungunya virus (CHIKV) reported in 2014-2015, followed by Zika virus (ZIKV) first reported in 2016. In order to identify patterns of genetic variation and selection pressures shaping the evolution of co-circulating DENV serotypes in light of the arrival of CHIKV and ZIKV, we employed whole-genome sequencing on an Illumina MiSeq platform of random-amplified total RNA libraries to characterize 42 DENV low-passage isolates, derived from viremic patients in Nicaragua between 2013 and 2016. Our approach also revealed clinically undetected co-infections with CHIKV. Of the three DENV serotypes (1, 2, and 3) co-circulating during our study, we uncovered distinct patterns of evolution using comparative phylogenetic inference. DENV-1 genetic variation was structured into two distinct co-circulating lineages with no evidence of positive selection in the origins of either lineage, suggesting they are equally fit. In contrast, the evolutionary history of DENV-2 was marked by positive selection, and a unique, divergent lineage correlated with high epidemic potential emerged in 2015 to drive an outbreak in 2016. DENV-3 genetic variation remained unstructured into lineages throughout the period of study. Thus, this study reveals insights into evolutionary and epidemiologic trends exhibited during the circulation of multiple arboviruses in Nicaragua.
| S-EPMC9359797 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In May 2012, the first authenticated cases of active chikungunya virus infection were detected in Champasak Province, Southern Laos. Analysis of series of human samples and mosquito specimens collected during the outbreak and over the year that followed the emergence enabled the drawing up of a map of the progression of CHIKV and the establishment of a full genetic characterization of the virus.
| S-EPMC5746231 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Dengue and chikungunya are co-circulating vector-borne diseases that share a significant number of clinical symptoms. To identify variables to aid physicians in making rapid and effective diagnostic decisions, we performed molecular diagnosis of the chikungunya virus and examined the clinical manifestations of chikungunya cases to identify the prevalence among dengue-negative individuals in Kolkata. Dengue suspected patients' samples were collected during January 2020-December 2021 and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods have been performed to confirm the prevalence of chikungunya infection among dengue-negative patients. By performing phylogenetic analysis, comparing clinical classifications, identifying disease aetiology using clinical and laboratory factors, and evaluating the time course of several clinical variables, we have evaluated the clinical manifestations linked to dengue and chikungunya virus infections. Chikungunya infection was found in 15.1% and 6.3% of the 635 dengue-negative patients, as determined by ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively. Arthritis and myalgia were more common in chikungunya-infected patients at the time of hospital admission while conjunctivitis, photosensitivity, arthralgia, Anorexia, fatigue, retro-orbital pain, vomiting, dermatitis, or swollen glands were significantly presented as an overlapping symptom. Although dengue and chikungunya infections have significant clinical overlap, basic clinical and laboratory criteria can predict these diseases at presentation for proper management. Effective management enables doctors to treat and care for patients properly and contributes to the development of control measures for these infections in a medical setting.
| S-EPMC10994276 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are common vectors for dengue virus and chikungunya virus. In areas where both viruses cocirculate, they can be transmitted together. During a dengue outbreak in Delhi in 2006, 17 of 69 serum samples were positive for chikungunya virus by reverse transcription-PCR; 6 samples were positive for both viruses.
| S-EPMC2744227 | biostudies-literature