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Association between thyroid hormones and insulin resistance indices based on the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

ABSTRACT: Thyroid dysfunction has been implicated as a potential pathophysiological factor in glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance (IR). This study aimed to identify the correlation between thyroid dysfunction and IR. We used data from the sixth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to evaluate a total of 5727 participants. The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated to represent IR. Correlation analysis was performed between thyroid dysfunction and IR. The log-transformed TSH (LnTSH) and free T4 were significantly correlated with the TyG index (TSH, beta coefficient 0.025, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.014–0.036, p < 0.001; free T4, − 0.110 (− 0.166 to − 0.054), p < 0.001) but not HOMA-IR. Overt hypothyroidism is correlated with increased TyG index in pre-menopausal females (0.215 (0.122–0.309) p < 0.001). On the other hand, overt hyperthyroidism is correlated with increased HOMA-IR in males (0.304 (0.193–0.416), p < 0.001) and post-menopausal females (1.812 (1.717–1.907), p < 0.001). In euthyroid subjects, LnTSH and TyG index were significantly correlated in females. In conclusion, both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism might be associated with IR but by different mechanisms. It might be helpful to assess IR with appropriate indexes in patients with thyroid dysfunction.

SUBMITTER: Choi Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8571382 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Association between Thyroid Function and Insulin Resistance Indices in Korean Adolescents: Findings from the 2014-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Project description:AimThis study investigated the sex-specific association between thyroid function and various insulin resistance (IR) indices, including noninsulin-based IR indices, in euthyroid adolescents.MethodsA total of 465 adolescents (aged 12-18 years; 255 boys and 210 girls) based on data from the 2014-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included. Serum thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH]) and free thyroxine (fT4) were used to assess thyroid function, whereas the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI), glucose/insulin ratio (GIR), triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, and triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio were used to assess IR. The relationship between thyroid function and IR was analyzed using multiple linear regressions stratified by sex, considering obesity status.ResultsThe relationship between thyroid function and IR varied depending on sex and was more pronounced in the overweight/obesity subgroup for both boys and girls. In overweight and obese boys and girls, fT4 was significantly associated with HOMA-IR and QUICKI with conflicting association directions. TSH was also positively associated with the TyG index in both sexes.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that the relationship between thyroid function and IR in adolescents might vary depending on sex, and the degree of association was significant in obese adolescents.

| S-EPMC10969090 | biostudies-literature

Thyroid hormones and electrocardiographic parameters: findings from the third national health and nutrition examination survey.

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| S-EPMC3625180 | biostudies-literature

Association between Iodine Nutrition Status and Thyroid Disease-Related Hormone in Korean Adults: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI (2013-2015).

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Project description:BackgroundHeavy metals, such as lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd), are known toxicants, but their associations with the thyroid axis have not been well quantified at U.S. background levels.ObjectivesWe investigated the relationships between thyroid hormones (total and free thyroxine [TT4 and FT4], total and free triiodothyronine [TT3 and FT3], thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH], and thyroglobulin [Tg]) and levels of Pb, Hg, and Cd in blood and Cd in urine.MethodsWe separately analyzed a sample of 1,109 adolescents (12-19 years of age) and a sample of 4,409 adults from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2008. We estimated associations after adjusting for age, sex, race, urinary iodine, body mass index, and serum cotinine.ResultsThe geometric mean (GM) levels of blood Pb (BPb), total Hg, and Cd were 0.81 µg/dL, 0.47 µg/L, and 0.21 µg/L in adolescents and 1.43 µg/dL, 0.96 µg/L, and 0.38 µg/L in adults, respectively. The GMs of urinary Cd were 0.07 and 0.25 µg/g creatinine in adolescents and adults, respectively. No consistent pattern of metal and thyroid hormone associations was observed in adolescents. In adults, blood Hg was inversely related to TT4, TT3, and FT3 and urinary Cd was positively associated with TT4, TT3, FT3, and Tg, but there were no associations with Pb. Associations were relatively weak at an individual level, with about 1-4% change in thyroid hormones per interquartile range increase in Hg or Cd.ConclusionsOur analysis suggests an inverse association between Hg exposure and thyroid hormones, and a positive association between Cd exposure and thyroid hormones in adults.

| S-EPMC3569681 | biostudies-literature

Sex-Dependent Association between Weight Change and Thyroid Dysfunction: Population-Level Analysis Using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

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Expanded Normal Weight Obesity and Insulin Resistance in US Adults of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

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| S-EPMC5509105 | biostudies-literature

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Project description:Hyperuricemia and anemia share several comorbidities, but the association between the two conditions remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between hyperuricemia and anemia. Data of 10794 subjects from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2016-2017 were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analyses. An association between anemia and hyperuricemia was not evident in subjects without chronic kidney disease (CKD). In patients with CKD, anemia increased the risk of hyperuricemia by 2-fold. This association remained significant when adjusting for the glomerular filtration rate. In subgroup analyses, the association of anemia with hyperuricemia was significant in subjects aged ?65 years, and in those with diabetes or hypertension. Subgroup analyses of CKD patients showed similar results. In the current study using data from Korean representative samples, anemia in subjects with CKD was associated with a 2-fold increase in the risk of hyperuricemia, which remained significant even after adjustment for renal function.

| S-EPMC6911023 | biostudies-literature

Physical activity level in Korean adults: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017.

Project description:ObjectivesThis study investigated physical activity (PA) participation based on demographic, physical, and psychological variables in Korean adults.MethodsParticipants were divided into four groups (combined, aerobic only, resistance only, and neither) based on meeting the PA guidelines using moderate and vigorous PA time and resistance exercise frequency from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017. The association between meeting the PA guidelines and demographic, medical, fitness, lifestyle, and psychological variables were analyzed using complex samples crosstabs and a general linear model.ResultsOf the 5,820 Korean adults, 66.0% did not meet any of the guidelines. Among demographic factors, sex, age, marital status, income, education level, occupation, and employment status were associated with meeting the PA guidelines. Chronic disease prevalence, weight, waist circumference, body mass index, diastolic blood pressure, glucose, high-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels, hand-grip strength, resting heart rate, and family history of chronic disease in the medical and fitness variables; frequency of drinking and eating breakfast, total calorie, water, protein, and fat intake in the lifestyle variables; and perceived stress, depression, suicidal thoughts, and quality of life in the psychological variables were associated with meeting PA guidelines.ConclusionsMost Korean adults participate in insufficient PA. Moreover, individuals who are socially underprivileged, have low-income or poor physical and mental health conditions participated in relatively less PA. Our findings suggest that government and individual efforts are required to increase PA and resolve health inequality in Korean adults.

| S-EPMC6928466 | biostudies-literature

Association between Hyperuricemia and Hearing Impairment: Results from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Project description:Background and Objectives: Hyperuricemia is associated with a variety of comorbidities. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between hyperuricemia and hearing impairment in Korean adults. Materials and Methods: Audiometric and laboratory test data from the 2019 to 2020 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were used for analysis. Hearing impairment was defined as a pure-tone average (0.5, 1, 2, 4 kHz) threshold level ≥ 41 decibels. The definition of hyperuricemia was different for males and females: >7 mg/dL for males vs. >6 mg/dL for females. Results: A total of 4857 (weight n = 17,990,725) subjects were analyzed. The mean age was 56.8 years old. The weighted prevalence was 12.1% for hyperuricemia and 2.5% for gout. The prevalence of hearing impairment was 13.4%. In the univariable analysis, hyperuricemia was significantly associated with hearing impairment. However, the diagnosis of gout was not associated with hearing impairment. In the multivariable analysis, hyperuricemia (odds ratios (OR): 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.92, p = 0.030) was associated with hearing impairment along with age (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.10-1.14, p < 0.001), female sex (OR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.34-0.64, p < 0.001), education (OR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.30-0.63, p = 0.001), and occupational noise exposure (OR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.25-2.22, p = 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, hyperuricemia was associated with hearing impairment in females (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.02-2.48, p = 0.041) and the elderly aged 60 years or more (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.05-1.99, p = 0.023). Conclusions: Hyperuricemia was independently associated with hearing impairment, especially in females and the elderly aged 60 years or more.

| S-EPMC10385961 | biostudies-literature

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