The Prognostic Value of a Validated and Automated Intravascular Ultrasound-Derived Calcium Score.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT: Background
Coronary calcification has been linked to cardiovascular events. We developed and validated an algorithm to automatically quantify coronary calcifications on intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). We aimed to assess the prognostic value of an IVUS-calcium score (ICS) on patient-oriented composite endpoint (POCE).Methods
We included patients that underwent coronary angiography plus pre-procedural IVUS imaging. The ICS was calculated per patient. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause mortality, stroke, myocardial infarction, and revascularization (POCE).Results
In a cohort of 408 patients, median ICS was 85. Both an ICS ≥ 85 and a 100 unit increase in ICS increased the risk of POCE at 6-year follow-up (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.51, 95%CI 1.05-2.17, p value = 0.026, and aHR 1.21, 95%CI 1.04-1.41, p value = 0.014, respectively).Conclusions
The ICS, calculated by a validated automated algorithm derived from routine IVUS pullbacks, was strongly associated with the long-term risk of POCE.
SUBMITTER: Neleman T
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8575752 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Similar Datasets
Project description:BackgroundBedside lung ultrasound (LUS) has emerged as a useful and non-invasive tool to detect lung involvement and monitor changes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the clinical significance of the LUS score in patients with COVID-19 remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of the LUS score in patients with COVID-19.MethodThe LUS protocol consisted of 12 scanning zones and was performed in 280 consecutive patients with COVID-19. The LUS score based on B-lines, lung consolidation and pleural line abnormalities was evaluated.ResultsThe median time from admission to LUS examinations was 7 days (interquartile range [IQR] 3-10). Patients in the highest LUS score group were more likely to have a lower lymphocyte percentage (LYM%); higher levels of D-dimer, C-reactive protein, hypersensitive troponin I and creatine kinase muscle-brain; more invasive mechanical ventilation therapy; higher incidence of ARDS; and higher mortality than patients in the lowest LUS score group. After a median follow-up of 14 days [IQR, 10-20 days], 37 patients developed ARDS, and 13 died. Patients with adverse outcomes presented a higher rate of bilateral involvement; more involved zones and B-lines, pleural line abnormalities and consolidation; and a higher LUS score than event-free survivors. The Cox models adding the LUS score as a continuous variable (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.05, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.02 ~ 1.08; P < 0.001; Akaike information criterion [AIC] = 272; C-index = 0.903) or as a categorical variable (HR 10.76, 95% CI 2.75 ~ 42.05; P = 0.001; AIC = 272; C-index = 0.902) were found to predict poor outcomes more accurately than the basic model (AIC = 286; C-index = 0.866). An LUS score cut-off > 12 predicted adverse outcomes with a specificity and sensitivity of 90.5% and 91.9%, respectively.ConclusionsThe LUS score devised by our group performs well at predicting adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and is important for risk stratification in COVID-19 patients.
| S-EPMC7754180 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: The association of known cardiovascular risk factors with poor prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been recently emphasized. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) score is considered a risk modifier in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that the absence of CAC might have an additional predictive value for an improved cardiovascular outcome of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Materials and methods: We prospectively included 310 consecutive hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Thirty patients with history of coronary artery disease were excluded. Chest computed tomography (CT) was performed in all patients. Demographics, medical history, clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, imaging data, in-hospital treatment, and outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. A composite endpoint of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined. Results: Two hundred eighty patients (63.2 ± 16.7 years old, 57.5% male) were included in the analysis. 46.7% patients had a CAC score of 0. MACE rate was 21.8% (61 patients). The absence of CAC was inversely associated with MACE (OR 0.209, 95% CI 0.052-0.833, p = 0.027), with a negative predictive value of 84.5%. Conclusion: The absence of CAC had a high negative predictive value for MACE in patients hospitalized with COVID-19, even in the presence of cardiac risk factors. A semi-qualitative assessment of CAC is a simple, reproducible, and non-invasive measure that may be useful to identify COVID-19 patients at a low risk for developing cardiovascular complications.
| S-EPMC8301217 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Despite updated guidelines and technological developments that allow for an accurate diagnosis, many asymptomatic individuals have a high risk of developing CAD or cardiac events. The CAC score can estimate a correct risk level for these subjects, which is clinically significant for adequate management of risk factors and obtaining personalized preventive therapy. This systematic review aims to assess the prognostic value of CAC score in asymptomatic individuals. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, a systematic literature search was performed to identify original articles since 2010 that evaluated the prognostic value of CAC score in asymptomatic individuals. The quality of the included studies was assessed by the QUIPS tool. A total of 45 articles were selected. Many of these (25 studies) evaluated the prognostic value of CAC score in asymptomatic subjects. In comparison, others (20 studies) evaluated the association of CAC score with other clinical parameters and imaging modalities or the comparison with computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA). Our findings showed that the CAC score provides valuable prognostic information for predicting CAD risk in asymptomatic individuals.
| S-EPMC9573072 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundIntravascular ultrasound (IVUS) can provide detailed coronary anatomic parameters. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the parameters measured by IVUS for the prediction of intermediate coronary lesions function by referencing quantitative fraction ratio (QFR) ≤ 0.80 (vs. > 0.80).MethodsEighty four cases with 92 intermediate coronary lesions in vessels with a diameter ≥ 2.50 mm were enrolled. Paired assessment of IVUS and cQFR was available, and vessels with cQFR ≤ 0.8 were considered the positive reference standard. Logistic regression was used to select model variables by a maximum partial likelihood estimation test and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis to evaluate the diagnostic value of different indices.ResultsPlaque burden (PB) and lesion length (LL) of IVUS were independent risk factors for the function of coronary lesions. The predictive probability P was derived from the combined PB and LL model. The area under the curve (AUC) of PB, (minimum lumen area) MLA, and LL and the predicted probability P are 0.789,0.732,0731, and 0.863, respectively (P < 0.01). The AUC of the predicted probability P was the biggest among them; the prediction accuracy of cQFR ≤ 0.8 was 84.8%, and the sensitivity of the diagnostic model was 0.826, specificity was 0. 725, and P < 0.01.ConclusionPB and LL of IVUS were independent risk factors influencing the function of intermediate coronary lesions. The model combining the PB and LL may predict coronary artery function better than any other single parameter.
| S-EPMC10500773 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCardiac events after revascularization are equally attributable to recurrence at site of culprit lesions and development of nonculprit lesions. We evaluated the hypothesis that coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography and coronary artery calcium score (CACS) performed before revascularization predicts cardiac events after treatment.Methods and resultsAmong 2238 consecutive patients without known coronary artery disease who underwent coronary CT angiography and CACS, 359 patients underwent revascularization within 30 days after CT; in 337 of 359 (93.9%) follow-up clinical information was available. In addition to known cardiac risk factors, CT findings were evaluated as predictors of cardiac events after revascularization: CACS and the presence of CT-verified high-risk plaque (CT-HRP). Improvement of predictive accuracy by including CT findings was evaluated from a discrimination (Harrell's C-statistics) standpoint. During the follow-up period (median: 673, interquartile range: 47 to 1529 days), a total of 98 cardiac events occurred. Cox proportional hazard model revealed that age, diabetes, triglyceride, CACS, and nonculprit CT-HRP were significant predictors of overall cardiac events. Although not statistically significant, discriminatory power was greater for the model with CACS (C-stat: 63.2%) and the model with both CACS and CT-HRP (65.8%) compared to the model including neither CACS nor CT-HRP (60.7%).ConclusionsHigh CACS and the presence of nonculprit CT-HRP performed before revascularization are significant predictors of cardiac events after revascularization.
| S-EPMC4599477 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimsPlaque burden (PB) measurement using intravascular optical coherence tomography (IVOCT) is currently thought to be inferior to intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). We developed an automated IVOCT image processing algorithm to enhance the external elastic lamina (EEL) contour. Thus, we investigated the accuracies of standard IVOCT and an IVOCT enhancement algorithm for measuring PB using IVUS as the reference standard.Methods and resultsThe EEL-enhancement algorithm combined adaptive attenuation compensation, exponentiation, angular registration, and image averaging using three sequential frames. In two different laboratories with intravascular imaging expertise, PB was quantified on 200 randomized, matched IVOCT and IVUS images by four independent observers. Fibroatheroma, fibrocalcific plaque, fibrous plaque, pathological intimal thickening (PIT), and mixed plaque were included in each set. Pearson's correlation coefficients between IVUS and standard IVOCT measurements of PB were 0.61, 0.67, 0.76, 0.78, and 0.87 for fibroatheromas, mixed plaques, fibrocalcific plaques, fibrous plaques, and PIT plaques, respectively. Pearson's correlation coefficients increased to 0.81, 0.83, 0.83, 0.84, and 0.90 when using the EEL-enhanced images (P = 0.003, P = 0.004, P = 0.08, P = 0.12, and P = 0.23, respectively). EEL-enhanced IVOCT analysis was associated with a lower EEL-area measurement absolute error for fibroatheromas, mixed plaques, and all pooled plaques (P = 0.006, P = 0.02, and P < 0.001, respectively). Compared with standard IVOCT, the EEL-enhanced IVOCT images had a higher sensitivity (79% vs. 28%, P < 0.001) and specificity (98% vs. 85%, P = 0.03) for plaques with an IVUS PB ≥70%.ConclusionEEL-enhanced IVOCT can be used to reliably measure PB in all types of coronary atherosclerotic lesions, including fibroatheromas and mixed plaques.
| S-EPMC7237959 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimThe present study aimed to explore these characteristics, particularly thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA), in relation to residual syntax score (rSS) in patients who presented with acute MI.Methods and outcomesA total of 434 consecutive patients with MI aged ≥18 years who had STEMI underwent primary PCI. Notably, compared with other subgroups, the presence of TCFA in culprit lesions and a higher level of rSS, were significantly associated with MACE. When rSS was divided into three groups, high rSS levels were associated with a higher incidence of MACE, in the subgroups of without TCFA (P = 0.005), plaque erosion (P = 0.045), macrophage infiltration (P = 0.026), and calcification (P = 0.002). AUC of ROC curve was 0.794 and 0.816, whereas the AUC of the survival ROC was 0.798 and 0.846.ConclusionThe results of this study could be used in clinical practice to support risk stratification.Trial registrationThis study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03593928 .
| S-EPMC8588603 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To evaluate the prognostic value and test characteristics of coronary artery calcium (CAC) score for the identification of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) in comparison with coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) among symptomatic patients.Retrospective cohort study at two large hospitals, including all symptomatic patients without prior CAD who underwent both CCTA and CAC. Accuracy of CAC for the identification of ? 50% and ? 70% stenosis by CCTA was evaluated. Prognostic value of CAC and CCTA were compared for prediction of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, defined as non-fatal myocardial infarction, cardiovascular death, late coronary revascularization (>90 days), and unstable angina requiring hospitalization).Among 1145 included patients, the mean age was 55 ± 12 years and median follow up 2.4 (IQR: 1.5-3.5) years. Overall, 406 (35%) CCTA were normal, 454 (40%) had <50% stenosis, and 285 (25%) had ? 50% stenosis. The prevalence of ? 70% stenosis was 16%. Among 483 (42%) patients with CAC zero, 395 (82%) had normal CCTA, 81 (17%) <50% stenosis, and 7 (1.5%) ? 50% stenosis. 2 (0.4%) patients had ? 70% stenosis. For diagnosis of ? 50% stenosis, CAC had a sensitivity of 98% and specificity of 55%. The negative predictive value (NPV) for CAC was 99% for ? 50% stenosis and 99.6% for ? 70% stenosis by CCTA. There were no adverse events among the 7 patients with zero calcium and ? 50% CAD. For prediction of MACE, the c-statistic for clinical risk factors of 0.62 increased to 0.73 (p < 0.001) with CAC versus 0.77 (p = 0.02) with CCTA.Among symptomatic patients with CAC zero, a 1-2% prevalence of potentially obstructive CAD occurs, although this finding was not associated with future coronary revascularization or adverse prognosis within 2 years.
| S-EPMC5536845 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Coronary luminal dimensions change during the cardiac cycle. However, contemporary volumetric intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) analysis is performed in non-gated images as existing methods to acquire gated or to retrospectively gate IVUS images have failed to dominate in research. We developed a novel deep learning (DL)-methodology for end-diastolic frame detection in IVUS and compared its efficacy against expert analysts and a previously established methodology using electrocardiographic (ECG)-estimations as reference standard. Near-infrared spectroscopy-IVUS (NIRS-IVUS) data were prospectively acquired from 20 coronary arteries and co-registered with the concurrent ECG-signal to identify end-diastolic frames. A DL-methodology which takes advantage of changes in intensity of corresponding pixels in consecutive NIRS-IVUS frames and consists of a network model designed in a bidirectional gated-recurrent-unit (Bi-GRU) structure was trained to detect end-diastolic frames. The efficacy of the DL-methodology in identifying end-diastolic frames was compared with two expert analysts and a conventional image-based (CIB)-methodology that relies on detecting vessel movement to estimate phases of the cardiac cycle. A window of ± 100 ms from the ECG estimations was used to define accurate end-diastolic frames detection. The ECG-signal identified 3,167 end-diastolic frames. The mean difference between DL and ECG estimations was 3 ± 112 ms while the mean differences between the 1st-analyst and ECG, 2nd-analyst and ECG and CIB-methodology and ECG were 86 ± 192 ms, 78 ± 183 ms and 59 ± 207 ms, respectively. The DL-methodology was able to accurately detect 80.4%, while the two analysts and the CIB-methodology detected 39.0%, 43.4% and 42.8% of end-diastolic frames, respectively (P < 0.05). The DL-methodology can identify NIRS-IVUS end-diastolic frames accurately and should be preferred over expert analysts and CIB-methodologies, which have limited efficacy.
| S-EPMC8255253 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe diagnostic accuracy of the ISTH's disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) score remains to be investigated in contemporary patient populations.ObjectiveTo examine the positive predictive value (PPV) of an ISTH DIC score ≥5 for identifying patients with overt DIC in a Danish hospital laboratory information system database.Materials and methodsA population-based cross-sectional validation study in the Central Denmark Region (2015-2018). Patients with a DIC score ≥5 were identified from the hospital laboratory information system database. Only patients with a potential underlying cause of DIC were included in the analyses. Cases were adjudicated by the authors as the gold standard for DIC diagnosis. The diagnosis of overt DIC was assigned on the basis of clinical signs of microthrombosis and/or bleeding and available laboratory records. PPVs with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed.ResultsMedical records of 225 patients were included. The overall PPV for overt DIC was 68% (95% CI, 61-74) and for overt + subclinical DIC, 83% (95% CI, 77%-88%) and increased with higher scores from 47% (95% CI, 35-59) for DIC score 5 to 88 (95% CI, 79-94) for DIC score ≥7. PPV was higher among intensive care patients and patient with sepsis, low antithrombin activity, prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time, or high Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score.ConclusionThe accuracy of ISTH DIC score ≥5 was moderate for overt DIC but increased with increasing scores and depended on the underlying cause of DIC. This new knowledge provides guidance to physicians and enables DIC research using laboratory-based data.
| S-EPMC8660681 | biostudies-literature