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Do Social Ties Moderate the Association between Childhood Maltreatment and Gratitude in Older Adults? Results from the NEIGE Study.

ABSTRACT: Childhood maltreatment can impede gratitude, yet little is known about the older population and its moderators. The aim of this study is to clarify the association between childhood maltreatment and levels of gratitude of the older population, and the moderating effect of social ties on the association. We analyzed the data of 524 community-dwelling older adults aged 65-84 years without functional disabilities in Tokamachi City, Niigata, Japan, collected for the Neuron to Environmental Impact across Generations (NEIGE) study in 2017. Using a questionnaire, the participants rated three types of childhood maltreatment before the age of 18 (physical abuse, emotional neglect, and psychological abuse), level of gratitude, and social ties. We found an inverse association between emotional neglect and gratitude. Furthermore, emotional neglect was inversely associated with gratitude only for those with lower levels of social ties. Promoting social ties may mitigate the adverse impact of emotional neglect on the level of gratitude.

SUBMITTER: Doi S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8582950 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Do Social Ties Moderate the Association between Childhood Maltreatment and Gratitude in Older Adults? Results from the NEIGE Study.

Doi Satomi S Koyama Yuna Y Tani Yukako Y Murayama Hiroshi H Inoue Shigeru S Fujiwara Takeo T Shobugawa Yugo Y

International journal of environmental research and public health 20211021 21

<h4>Background</h4>Childhood maltreatment can impede gratitude, yet little is known about the older population and its moderators. The aim of this study is to clarify the association between childhood maltreatment and levels of gratitude of the older population, and the moderating effect of social ties on the association.<h4>Methods</h4>We analyzed the data of 524 community-dwelling older adults aged 65-84 years without functional disabilities in Tokamachi City, Niigata, Japan, collected for the ...[more]

PMID: 34769605

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Project description:BackgroundDepression remains among the most prevalent mental disorders, and it severely affects daily functioning and quality of life. There has been extensive research reporting on the impact of social relationships on depression, but much of this research has only considered isolated aspects of relationships. This study derived social network types based on the multiple components of social relationships, and then investigated their effects on depressive symptoms.MethodsUsing samples of 620 adults (Mage = 53.52), Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was conducted to uncover network types based on the structural (network size, contact frequency, marital status, and social engagement), functional (levels of support and conflict), and qualitative (satisfaction with relationships) aspects of social relationships. Multiple regressions were used to test if distinct network types directly impact on depressive symptoms and whether network types moderate the association of loneliness (perceived social isolation) with depressive symptoms.ResultsLPA identified four distinct network types (diverse, family-focused, friend-focused, and restricted) and there were significant differences in depressive symptoms among four network types. Analysis using the BCH method showed that individuals in the restricted network type had the highest depressive symptoms, followed in order by individuals in the friend-focused, family-focused, and diverse network types. Regression results further indicated that an individual's network network type membership was significantly associated with depressive symptoms, and being in the diverse and family-focused network types alleviated the negative effect of loneliness on depressive symptoms.ConclusionThe results suggest that both quantitative and qualitative aspects of social relationships are important in buffering against the adverse effect of loneliness on depressive symptoms. These findings underscore the utility of taking a multi-dimensional approach to uncover heterogeneity in the social networks of adults and their implications on depression.

Project description:ImportanceChildhood maltreatment can have significant consequences on health through the life course, but its association with health care costs in later life is not widely known.ObjectiveTo assess whether a history of childhood maltreatment is associated with additional medical costs among older adults in Japan.Design, setting, and participantsThis population-based cross-sectional study used data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, 2013, linked with national health insurance claims data from April 2012 to March 2014 for 1 municipality that participated in the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, 2013. The municipality had more than 1.5 million residents, and 978 independent individuals aged 65 to 75 years were included in the analysis. Data were analyzed from October 2017 to February 2019.ExposuresChildhood maltreatment, including physical abuse, emotional neglect, emotional abuse, and witnessing intimate partner violence.Main outcomes and measuresMean annual medical costs between April 2012 and March 2013 and between April 2013 and March 2014.ResultsAmong 978 independent older adults (mean [SD] age, 70.6 [2.9] years; 426 [43.6%] men), 44 (4.5%) witnessed intimate partner violence, 19 (1.9%) were physically abused, 104 (10.6%) were emotionally neglected, and 56 (5.7%) were emotionally abused in childhood. In total, 176 older adults (18.0%) experienced at least 1 type of childhood maltreatment. Mean annual medical costs of those who experienced any childhood maltreatment were significantly higher than of those who did not (difference, ¥136 456 [US$1255]; 95% CI, ¥38 155-¥234 757 [US$351-US$2160]; P = .007). Those who experienced emotional neglect incurred more mean medical costs than those who did not (difference, ¥161 400 [US$1484]; 95% CI, ¥42 779-¥280 021 [US$394-US$2576]; P = .008). The association of any childhood maltreatment with medical costs remained significant after controlling for age and sex (average marginal effect, ¥116 098 [US$1068]; SE, ¥53 620 [US$493]; 95% CI, ¥11 004-¥221 192 [US$101-US$2034]; P = .03). The estimated additional costs associated with childhood maltreatment would be more than ¥333 billion (US$3.1 million) per year nationwide.Conclusions and relevanceIn this study, childhood maltreatment was associated with additional medical costs among older adults living in Japan. This finding underlines the importance of primary and secondary prevention of child maltreatment.

Dataset Information

Do Social Ties Moderate the Association between Childhood Maltreatment and Gratitude in Older Adults? Results from the NEIGE Study.

Publications

Do Social Ties Moderate the Association between Childhood Maltreatment and Gratitude in Older Adults? Results from the NEIGE Study.

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