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Original Approach to Synthesize TiO₂/ZnO Hybrid Nanosponges Used as Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Applications.

ABSTRACT: In the present work, TiO₂/ZnO hybrid nanosponges have been synthesized for the first time. First, TiO₂ nanosponges were obtained by anodization under hydrodynamic conditions in a glycerol/water/NH₄F electrolyte. Next, in order to achieve the anatase phase of TiO₂ and improve its photocatalytic behaviour, the samples were annealed at 450 °C for 1 h. Once the TiO₂ nanosponges were synthesized, TiO₂/ZnO hybrid nanosponges were obtained by electrodeposition of ZnO on TiO₂ nanosponges using different temperatures, times, and concentrations of zinc nitrate (Zn(NO₃)₂). TiO₂/ZnO hybrid nanosponges were used as photoanodes in photoelectrochemical water splitting tests. The results indicate that the photoelectrochemical response improves, in the studied range, by increasing the temperature and the Zn(NO₃)₂ concentration during the electrodeposition process, obtaining an increase in the photoelectrochemical response of 141% for the TiO₂/ZnO hybrid nanosponges electrodeposited at 75 °C with 10 mM Zn(NO₃)₂ for 15 min. Furthermore, morphological, chemical, and structural characterization was performed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX), Raman Confocal Laser Spectroscopy, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Grazing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction (GIXRD).

SUBMITTER: Navarro-Gazquez PJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8585194 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:A comprehensive in vitro assessment of two commercial metal oxide nanoparticles, TiO2 and ZnO, was performed using human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDM), monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDC), and T cell leukemia-derived cell line (Jurkat). TiO2 nanoparticles were found to be non-toxic whereas ZnO nanoparticles caused dose-dependent cell death. Subsequently, global gene expression profiling was performed to identify signaling pathways underlying the cytotoxicity caused by ZnO nanoparticles. Analysis was done with doses, 1ug/ml and 10ug/ml after 6 and 24 hours of exposure. Interestingly, 2703 genes were significantly differentially expressed in HMDM upon exposure to 10ug/ml ZnO nanoparticles, while in MDDCs only 12 genes were affected. In Jurkat cells, 980 genes were differentially expressed. It is noteworthy that the gene expression of metallothioneins was upregulated in all the three cell types. In addition to the common ZnO-inducible changes, a notable proportion of the genes were regulated in a cell type-specific manner. Using a panel of ZnO nanoparticles, we obtained an additional support that the cellular response to ZnO nanoparticles is caused by particle dissolution. Gene ontology analysis revealed that the top biological processes disturbed in HMDM and Jurkat cells were regulating cell death and growth. In addition, genes controlling immune system development were affected. Bioinformatics assessment showed that the top human disease category associated with ZnO-responsive genes in both HMDM and Jurkat cells was cancer. Overall, the study revealed novel genes and pathways for mediating ZnO nanoparticle-induced toxicity and demonstrated the value of assessing nanoparticle responses through combined transcriptomics and bioinformatics approach. Nanoparticles used in the study: ZnO-1 commercial (IBU-tec advanced materials AG), ZnO-2 (mandelic acid coated ZnO-1), ZnO-3 (mercaptopropyl-trimethoxysilane coated ZnO-1), ZnO-4 (methoxyl coated ZnO), ZnO-5 (diethylene glycol modified ZnO) and ZnO-9 (folic acid modified ZnO). Detailed particle production and characterization data can be found from the articles: Buerki-Thurnherr et al. 2012 Nanotoxicology and Tuomela et al.

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Original Approach to Synthesize TiO₂/ZnO Hybrid Nanosponges Used as Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Applications.

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Original Approach to Synthesize TiO2/ZnO Hybrid Nanosponges Used as Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Applications.

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OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

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Original Approach to Synthesize TiO₂/ZnO Hybrid Nanosponges Used as Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Applications.