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Wearable Sensors for Measurement of Viewing Behavior, Light Exposure, and Sleep.

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to compare two wearable sensors to each other and to a questionnaire in an adult population. For one week, participants aged 29.2 ± 5.5 years (n = 25) simultaneously wore a Clouclip, a spectacle-mounted device that records viewing distance and illuminance, and an Actiwatch, a wrist-worn device that measures illuminance and activity. Participants maintained a daily log of activities and completed an activity questionnaire. Objective measures of time outdoors, near (10-< 60 cm) and intermediate (60-100 cm) viewing, and sleep duration were assessed with respect to the daily log and questionnaire. Findings showed that time outdoors per day from the questionnaire (3.2 ± 0.3 h) was significantly greater than the Clouclip (0.9 ± 0.8 h) and Actiwatch (0.7 ± 0.1 h, p < 0.001 for both). Illuminance from the Actiwatch was systematically lower than the Clouclip. Daily near viewing duration was similar between the questionnaire (5.7 ± 0.6 h) and Clouclip (6.1 ± 0.4 h, p = 0.76), while duration of intermediate viewing was significantly different between methods (p < 0.001). In conclusion, self-reported time outdoors and viewing behaviors were different than objective measures. The Actiwatch and Clouclip are valuable tools for studying temporal patterns of behavioral factors such as near work, light exposure, and sleep.

SUBMITTER: Bhandari KR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8587946 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Wearable Sensors for Measurement of Viewing Behavior, Light Exposure, and Sleep.

Bhandari Khob R KR Mirhajianmoghadam Hanieh H Ostrin Lisa A LA

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) 20211026 21

The purpose of this study was to compare two wearable sensors to each other and to a questionnaire in an adult population. For one week, participants aged 29.2 ± 5.5 years (<i>n</i> = 25) simultaneously wore a Clouclip, a spectacle-mounted device that records viewing distance and illuminance, and an Actiwatch, a wrist-worn device that measures illuminance and activity. Participants maintained a daily log of activities and completed an activity questionnaire. Objective measures of time outdoors, ...[more]

PMID: 34770402

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Project description:BackgroundFew studies have investigated the association between screen viewing (SV) and sleep duration among young children. This study aims to examine the association between total and device-specific SV and sleep duration among children aged 2 and below.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of 714 Singaporean children aged 2 years and below. Parents were recruited during routine well-child clinic visits from two national polyclinics. In Singapore, all parents visit well-child clinics with their children at regular intervals for routine check-ups and vaccinations. Socio-demographic characteristics, duration of total and device-specific SV, and sleep duration were reported by parents via interviewer-administered questionnaires. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess associations between various types of SV and sleep duration, adjusted for socio-demographic variables. Due to significant interaction between SV and age, stratified analyses for children aged less than 6 months and those aged 7-24 months were performed.ResultsThe prevalence of daily SV among children was 53.1%; 28.3% in children up to 6 months and 73.8% in children aged 7 to 24 months. TV viewing was reported for 44.3% of all children and mobile device SV for 30.1%. Children's average sleep duration was 13.9 (SD = 3.5) hours daily and younger children had longer sleep duration than older ones (up to 6 months: mean = 15.6 h, SD = 3.9; 7-24 months: mean = 12.4 h, SD = 2.2; P < 0.01). In the regression analysis among all children, each 1 h per day increment in total SV was significantly associated with 0.26 h shorter sleep duration with similar significant associations for TV (β = - 0.28 h, 95%CI: -0.50, - 0.06) and mobile devices (β = - 0.35 h, 95%CI: -0.61, - 0.09). Stratified analysis revealed significantly greater reductions in sleep with higher SV among children aged 6 months and below (β = - 0.73 h, 95%CI: -1.12, - 0.34), while associations were weaker in older children (β = - 0.13 h, 95% CI: -0.24, - 0.01).ConclusionsThis study provides evidence for a substantial association between longer SV and shorter sleep duration among very young children. These associations appeared stronger among children aged 6 months and below as compared with those aged 7 to 24 months. Further studies are warranted to confirm our findings.

Project description:Ring-trackers are a growing consumer wearable category that provide a number of sleep metrics, yet their measurement accuracy remains poorly understood. Previous validation studies have mainly focused on healthy individuals, while a significant part of the potential present and future value lies in applications on non-healthy subjects. To enable applications in research and medical applications, rigorous evaluation of performance in clinical settings against the gold-standard polysomnography is needed. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated how the measurements of three commercially available ring trackers (Oura, SleepOn, Circul) perform against polysomnography in a university sleep lab population with a diverse set sleep-related disorders as well as sleep-unrelated medical conditions. We evaluated individual-level and group-level discrepancies of standard sleep measures and conducted an epoch-by-epoch analysis of sleep staging classification performance using a standardized analysis framework. While average group-level sleep measures are similar (e.g., TST differences between rings and gold standard were below 12 min for the Oura ring), individual-level differences often remained large. Ring-derived sleep metrics were characterized by complex bias, indicating that their correction is non-trivial. Sleep/Wake distinction of the Oura and SleepOn rings reached similar performance as previously reported for healthy individuals (~ 85% accuracy), but was worse for the Circul ring (~ 65% accuracy). Sleep stage classification (Wake, Light, Deep, REM sleep) sensitivity ranged from 0.14 (REM sleep classification of the Circul ring) to 0.58 (Light sleep classification of the SleepOn ring). Across all sleep stages, the Oura and SleepOn ring performed similarly (53.18% and 50.48% accuracy), whereas the Circul ring performed worse (35.06% accuracy). Our findings confirm recent descriptions of device-related bias and additionally uncover practical limitations in the application in a real-world sleep laboratory patient cohort. Critically, while some devices may demonstrate reasonable agreement with PSG on average, this agreement masks substantial individual-level inaccuracies, prohibiting their use in clinical sleep medicine, as accurate assessment of individual nights, including both nights with exceptionally low or high sleep quality and quantity, is essential for patient care.

Dataset Information

Wearable Sensors for Measurement of Viewing Behavior, Light Exposure, and Sleep.

Publications

Wearable Sensors for Measurement of Viewing Behavior, Light Exposure, and Sleep.

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