Unusual, high genetic diversity of Aleutian mink disease virus.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Olofsson A
PROVIDER: S-EPMC85904 | biostudies-literature | 1999 Dec
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Unusual, high genetic diversity of Aleutian mink disease virus.
Olofsson A A Mittelholzer C C Treiberg Berndtsson L L Lind L L Mejerland T T Belák S S
Journal of clinical microbiology 19991201 12
The genetic diversity of Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) was examined. Sequences obtained from 35 clinical samples were compared with five published sequences. An unusual, high genetic variability was revealed. Three phylogenetic subgroups of AMDV were identified, and the presence of more than one genotype at some farms was detected. ...[more]
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Project description:Aleutian mink disease (AMD) is a chronic viral disease in farmed mink and the virus (AMDV) has been found in many free-ranging mink (Neovison vison) populations in Europe and North America. In this study, AMDV DNA and AMDV antibodies were analysed in 144 free-ranging mink hunted in Sweden. Associations between being AMDV infected (defined as positive for both viral DNA and antibodies) and the weight of the spleen, liver, kidneys, adrenal glands and body condition were calculated and the sequences of ten AMDV isolates were analysed in order to characterize the genetic relationships. In total, 46.1% of the mink were positive for AMDV antibodies and 57.6% were positive for AMDV DNA. Twenty-two percent of the mink tested on both tests (n = 133) had dissimilar results. The risk of having AMDV antibodies or being positive for AMDV DNA clearly increased with age and the majority of the mink that were two years or older were infected. Few macroscopic changes were found upon necropsy. However, the relative weight of the spleen was sexually dimorphic and was found to be slightly, but significantly (p = 0.006), heavier in AMDV infected male mink than uninfected. No association between AMDV infection and body condition, weight of the kidneys, liver or adrenal glands were found. Several different strains of AMDV were found across the country. Two of the AMDV sequences from the very north of Sweden did not group with any of the previously described groups of strains. In summary, AMDV seems to be prevalent in wild mink in Sweden and may subtly influence the weight of the spleen.
| S-EPMC4379071 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV), which causes Aleutian disease, is widely spread both in farmed mink and wild mustelids. However, only limited data are available on the role of wild animals in AMDV transmission and spread. Our aim was to shed light on AMDV transmission among wild mustelids and estimate the effect of intense farming practices on the virus circulation by studying AMDV prevalence and genetic diversity among wild mustelids in Poland. We compared AMDV seroprevalence and proportion of PCR-positive individuals in American mink, polecats, otters, stone martens, and pine martens and used the phylogenetic analysis of the NS1 region to study transmission. In addition, we used a metagenomic approach to sequence complete AMDV genomes from tissue samples. In eastern Poland, AMDV seroprevalence in wild mustelids varied from 22 per cent in otters to 62 per cent and 64 per cent in stone martens and feral mink, respectively. All studied antibody-positive mink were also PCR positive, whereas only 10, 15, and 18 per cent of antibody-positive polecats, pine martens, and stone martens, respectively, were PCR positive, suggesting lower virus persistence among these animal species as compared to feral mink. In phylogenetic analysis, most sequences from feral mink formed region-specific clusters that have most likely emerged through multiple introductions of AMDV to feral mink population over decades. However, virus spread between regions was also observed. Virus sequences derived from farmed and wild animals formed separate subclusters in the phylogenetic tree, and no signs of recent virus transmission between farmed and wild animals were observed despite the frequent inflow of farmed mink escapees to wild populations. These results provide new information about the role of different mustelid species in AMDV transmission and about virus circulation among the wild mustelids. In addition, we pinpoint gaps of knowledge, where more studies are needed to achieve a comprehensive picture of AMDV transmission.
| S-EPMC8449508 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Two groups of serologically confirmed ADV infected mink were used to analyze the association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Aleutian disease (AD) resistance. Group I (n=97) was comprised of disease susceptible (ADS) animals, with disease related hyper-gammaglobulinemia confirmed by the lowered albumin: IgG ratio (A: IgG); and Group II (n=97) contained disease resistant (ADR) animals with normal A: IgG ratio. The phenotypic assignment into the groups was done according to previously validated MALDI-TOF A: IgG ratio of high reproducibility in ADV infected animals. Illumina Hiseq 2500 sequencing was used to produce sequence libraries which were biocomputationally analyzed the genome wide spread SNPs where then associated with the disease susceptible and resistant groups of animals. There was a clear over-dominance for the GATOR complex protein NPRL3 isoform X6, with a very strong effect on the differences between the animals of ADS and the ADR groups. A minor effect was observed around the HLA complex, however scattered over more genes in this area. The Protocadherin Fat 3 (FAT3) or it neighborhood could also be regarded as a candidate aerea influencing the outcome of the infection. In the absence of vaccination, and in the light of eradication failures, the results provide the foundation for the development of genomic tests, as the basis for assisted breeding for disease resistance. Additionally, the results could be useful in investigations of genetic basis of the resistance of animal infections of major economic importance, e.g. African swine fever (ASF).
2020-12-22 | GSE163677 | GEO
Project description:Aleutian disease (AD) is the most significant health issue for farmed American mink. The objective of this study was to identify the genomic regions subjected to selection for response to infection with Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) in American mink using genotyping by sequencing (GBS) data. A total of 225 black mink were inoculated with AMDV and genotyped using a GBS assay based on the sequencing of ApeKI-digested libraries. Five AD-characterized phenotypes were used to assign animals to pairwise groups. Signatures of selection were detected using integrated measurement of fixation index (FST) and nucleotide diversity (θπ), that were validated by haplotype-based (hap-FLK) test. The total of 99 putatively selected regions harbouring 63 genes were detected in different groups. The gene ontology revealed numerous genes related to immune response (e.g. TRAF3IP2, WDR7, SWAP70, CBFB, and GPR65), liver development (e.g. SULF2, SRSF5) and reproduction process (e.g. FBXO5, CatSperβ, CATSPER4, and IGF2R). The hapFLK test supported two strongly selected regions that contained five candidate genes related to immune response, virus-host interaction, reproduction and liver regeneration. This study provided the first map of putative selection signals of response to AMDV infection in American mink, bringing new insights into genomic regions controlling the AD phenotypes.
| S-EPMC7859209 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAleutian mink disease parvovirus (AMDV) causes Aleutian mink disease (AMD), which is a serious infectious disease of mink. The aim of this study was to get a better understanding of the molecular epidemiology of AMDV in northeast China to control and prevent AMD from further spreading. This study for the first time isolated AMDV from fecal swab samples of mink in China.ResultsA total of 157/291 (54.0%) of the fecal swab samples were positive for AMDV. Of these, 23 AMDV positive samples were randomly selected for sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis based on the acquired partial fragments of VP2 gene with the hypervariable region. Comparative DNA sequence analysis of 23 AMDV isolates with a reference nonpathogenic (AMDV-G) strain revealed 8.3% difference in partial VP2 nucleotide sequences. Amino acid alignment indicated the presence of several genetic variants, as well as one single amino acid residue deletion. The most concentrated area of variation was located in the hypervariable region of VP2 protein. According to phylogenetic analysis, the Chinese AMDV strains and the other reference AMDV strains from different countries clustered into three groups (clades A, B and C). Most of the newly sequenced strains were found to form a Chinese-specific group, which solely consisted of Chinese AMDV strains.ConclusionThese findings indicated that a high genetic diversity was found in Chinese AMDV strains and the virus distribution were not dependent on geographical origin. Both local and imported AMDV positive species were prevalent in the Chinese mink farming population. The genetic evidence of AMDV variety and epidemic isolates have importance in mink farming practice.
| S-EPMC7395569 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) is widespread among ranched and free-ranging American mink in Canada, but there is no information on its prevalence in other wild animal species. This paper describes the prevalence of AMDV of 12 furbearing species in Nova Scotia (NS), Canada.MethodsSamples were collected from carcasses of 462 wild animals of 12 furbearing species, trapped in 10 NS counties between November 2009 and February 2011. Viral DNA was tested by PCR using two primer pairs, and anti-viral antibodies were tested by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) on spleen homogenates.ResultsPositive PCR or CIEP samples were detected in 56 of 60 (93.3%) American mink, 43 of 61 (70.5%) short-tailed weasels, 2 of 8 (25.0%) striped skunks, 2 of 11 (18.2%) North American river otters, 9 of 85 (10.6%) raccoons, and 2 of 20 (10.0%) bobcats. Samples from six fishers, 24 coyotes, 25 red foxes, 58 beavers, 45 red-squirrels and 59 muskrats were negative. Antibodies to AMDV were detected by CIEP in 16 of 56 (28.6%) mink and one of the 8 skunks (12.5%). Thirteen of the mink were positive for PCR and CIEP, but three mink and one skunk were CIEP positive and PCR negative. Positive CIEP or PCR animals were present in all nine counties from which mink or weasel samples were collected.ConclusionsThe presence of AMDV in so many species across the province has important epidemiological ramifications and could pose a serious health problem for the captive mink, as well as for susceptible wildlife. The mechanism of virus transmission between wildlife and captive mink and the effects of AMDV exposure on the viability of the susceptible species deserve further investigation.
| S-EPMC3602201 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Abstract Aleutian disease (AD) is one of the most important health problems in the mink industry worldwide, leading to economic losses. We used a set of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to detect the genomic regions potentially under selection for response to Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) infection in black American mink. A total of 191 mink which were inoculated with a local strain of AMDV and survived until pelting were genotyped using genotyping-by-sequencing technique. The presence of viral DNA in the spleen samples were tested by polymerase chain reaction. After filtering, 47,800 SNPs at 171 individuals were used for further analyses. Signatures of selection for response to AMDV infection were detected using fixation index (FST) and nucleotide diversity (θπ) statistics measured between negative and positive groups. The overlap of top 1% SNPs obtained from both FST and θπ scores were considered as potential selection signs. This measurement identified a total of 21 candidate regions containing 11 genes which were likely subjected to selection for viral clearance. Several identified genes were those that modulate immune system (TCF4), reproductive process (CATSPERB, MAS1 and IGF2R), response to stimulus (WNT11 and MAS1), and functions of heart (TENM4 and WNT11) and liver (IGF2R). In addition, gene ontology showed that 63.6% of detected genes (seven) were involved in binding activities (GO:0005488). These genes can be used in molecular assessment of viral clearance in American mink. The results indicated that selection for viral clearance and thus AD tolerant animals can be a feasible strategy to deal with the global AMDV infection on mink farms.
| S-EPMC7702783 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Aleutian mink disease virus is one of the greatest threats to modern mink farming. The disease reduces fecundity and causes high mortality among kits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of methisoprinol in counteracting the effects of Aleutian disease, both by inhibiting replication of the virus and by mitigating the harmful effects of the disease on the fecundity and weight of infected animals. The study included 300 individuals with confirmed infection, divided according to antibody titres into three experimental groups, which received a 20% methisoprinol solution, and three control groups, which did not receive the immunostimulant. In the mink from the experimental groups, the number of copies of the genetic material of the virus in the spleens and lymph nodes was one order of magnitude lower than in the case of the control groups. Mink receiving the supplement also showed higher fecundity (on average 5.83 in the experimental groups and 4.83 in the control groups), and the weight of their offspring before slaughter was over 200 g higher. Given the lack of effective methods for immunoprophylaxis and treatment, methisoprinol supplementation can be an effective means of counteracting the effects of AMDV on persistently infected farms.
| S-EPMC6768903 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background Selecting American mink (Neovison vison) for tolerance to Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) has gained popularity in recent years, but data on the outcomes of this activity are scant. The objectives of this study were to determine the long-term changes in viremia, seroconversion and survival in infected mink. Mink were inoculated intranasally with a local isolate of Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) over 4 years (n = 1742). The animals had been selected for tolerance to AMDV for more than 20 years (TG100) or were from herds free of AMDV (TG0). The progenies of TG100 and TG0, and their crosses with 25, 50 and 75% tolerance ancestry were also used. Blood samples were collected from each mink up to 14 times until 1211 days post-inoculation (dpi) and were tested for viremia by PCR and for anti-AMDV antibodies by counter-immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP). Viremia and CIEP status were not considered when selecting replacements. Low-performing animals were pelted and the presence of antibodies in their blood and antibody titer were measured by CIEP, and viremia and viral DNA in seven organs (n = 936) were tested by PCR. Results The peak incidences of viremia (66.7%) and seropositivity (93.5%) were at 35 dpi. The incidence of viremia decreased over time while the incidence of seroconversion increased. The least-squares means of the incidence of PCR positive of lymph node (0.743) and spleen (0.656) were significantly greater than those of bone marrow, liver, kidneys, lungs and small intestine (0.194 to 0.342). Differences in tolerant ancestry were significant for every trait measured. Incidences of viremia over time, terminal viremia, seropositivity over time, AMDV DNA in organs and antibody titer were highest in the susceptible groups (TG0 or TG25) and lowest in the tolerant groups (TG100 or TG75). Conclusion Previous history of selection for tolerance resulted in mink with reduced viral replication and antibody titer. Viremia had a negative effect and antibody production had a positive effect on survival and productivity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03462-7.
| S-EPMC9531452 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Aleutian Mink Disease (AMD) is an infectious disease of mink (Neovison vison) and globally a major cause of economic losses in mink farming. The disease is caused by Aleutian Mink Disease Virus (AMDV) that belongs to the genus Amdoparvovirus within the Parvoviridae family. Several strains have been described with varying virulence and the severity of infection also depends on the host's genotype and immune status. Clinical signs include respiratory distress in kits and unthriftiness and low quality of the pelts. The infection can also be subclinical. Systematic control of AMDV in Danish mink farms was voluntarily initiated in 1976. Over recent decades the disease was mainly restricted to the very northern part of the country (Northern Jutland), with only sporadic outbreaks outside this region. Most of the viruses from this region have remained very closely related at the nucleotide level for decades. However, in 2015, several outbreaks of AMDV occurred at mink farms throughout Denmark, and the sources of these outbreaks were not known.Partial NS1 gene sequencing, phylogenetic analyses data were utilized along with epidemiological to determine the origin of the outbreaks.The phylogenetic analyses of partial NS1 gene sequences revealed that the outbreaks were caused by two different clusters of viruses that were clearly different from the strains found in Northern Jutland. These clusters had restricted geographical distribution, and the variation within the clusters was remarkably low. The outbreaks on Zealand were epidemiologically linked and a close sequence match was found to two virus sequences from Sweden. The other cluster of outbreaks restricted to Jutland and Funen were linked to three feed producers (FP) but secondary transmissions between farms in the same geographical area could not be excluded.This study confirmed that partial NS1 sequencing can be used in outbreak tracking to determine major viral clusters of AMDV. Using this method, two new distinct AMDV clusters with low intra-cluster sequence diversity were identified, and epidemiological data helped to reveal possible ways of viral introduction into the affected herds.
| S-EPMC5480136 | biostudies-literature