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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Reinfection Cases Corroborated by Sequencing.

ABSTRACT: Evaluating the reinfection may offer some insight into areas for further investigation regarding durability of immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Sixty cases of reinfection with viral sequencing were identified in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and medRxiv before May 1, 2021.Episodes of infection were separated by a median of 116 days. Severity of illness was greater among individuals reinfected within 90 days of initial infection, no asymptomatic initial cases developed severe reinfection, nearly half of cases had suspected escape variants, and nearly all individual tested following reinfection were found to have detectable levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. This analysis is limited by the heterogeneous methods used among reports. Reinfection continues to be relatively rare. As the case rate presumably increases over time, this review will inform measurements to determine the natural history and causal determinants of reinfection in more rigorous observational cohort studies and other standardized surveillance approaches.

SUBMITTER: Massachi J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8592142 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Flight-Associated Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Corroborated by Whole-Genome Sequencing.

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| S-EPMC7706937 | biostudies-literature

Evidence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Reinfection After Recovery from Mild Coronavirus Disease 2019.

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| S-EPMC7890673 | biostudies-literature

Genomic sequencing of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus.

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| S-EPMC7121524 | biostudies-literature

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| S-EPMC8696118 | biostudies-literature

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| S-EPMC8320276 | biostudies-literature

Reinfection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in an Immunocompromised Patient: A Case Report.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC7665355 | biostudies-literature

Clinical Spectrum of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection and Protection From Symptomatic Reinfection.

Project description:BackgroundThere are few data on the full spectrum of disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection across the lifespan from community-based or nonclinical settings.MethodsWe followed 2338 people in Managua, Nicaragua, aged <94 years from March 2020 through March 2021. SARS-CoV-2 infection was identified through real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Disease presentation was assessed at the time of infection or retrospectively by survey at the time of blood collection.ResultsThere was a large epidemic that peaked between March and August 2020. In total, 129 RT-PCR-positive infections were detected, for an overall incidence rate of 5.3 infections per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.4-6.3). Seroprevalence was 56.7% (95% CI, 53.5%-60.1%) and was consistent from age 11 through adulthood but was lower in children aged ≤10 years. Overall, 31.0% of the infections were symptomatic, with 54.7% mild, 41.6% moderate, and 3.7% severe. There were 2 deaths that were likely due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, yielding an infection fatality rate of 0.2%. Antibody titers exhibited a J-shaped curve with respect to age, with the lowest titers observed among older children and young adults and the highest among older adults. When compared to SARS-CoV-2-seronegative individuals, SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity at the midyear sample was associated with 93.6% protection from symptomatic reinfection (95% CI, 51.1%-99.2%).ConclusionsThis population exhibited a very high SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity with lower-than-expected severity, and immunity from natural infection was protective against symptomatic reinfection.

| S-EPMC8499752 | biostudies-literature

Effects of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Vaccination on Reinfection: A Community-Based Retrospective Cohort Study.

Project description:BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease that is characterized by frequent reinfection. However, the factors influencing reinfection remain poorly elucidated, particularly regarding the effect of COVID-19 vaccination on preventing reinfection and its effects on symptomatology and the interval until reinfection.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study examined patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus reinfection between January 2020 and February 2022. This study included patients aged >17 years who were reinfected at least 90 days between two infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. The main outcome measure was a reduction in symptoms during reinfection, and reinfection interval.ResultsOverall, 712 patients (average age: 40.52 ± 16.41 years; 312 males) were included. The reduction rate of symptoms at reinfection than that at first infection was significantly higher in the vaccinated group than in the unvaccinated group (p < 0.001). The average reinfection interval was 265.81 days. The interval between the first and second infection was 63.47 days longer in the vaccinated group than in the unvaccinated group. The interval was also 57.23 days, significantly longer in the asymptomatic group than in the symptomatic group (p < 0.001).ConclusionsBesides its role in preventing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection, vaccination reduces the rate of symptomatic reinfection and increases the reinfection interval; thus, it is necessary to be vaccinated even after a previous infection. The findings may inform the decision to avail COVID-19 vaccination.

| S-EPMC10535171 | biostudies-literature

Reinfection With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Among Previously Infected Healthcare Personnel and First Responders.

Project description:BackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus testing among first responders and healthcare personnel who participated in a May 2020-August 2020 serosurvey that assessed spike protein antibodies provided an opportunity to assess reinfection.MethodsSerology survey data were merged with virus testing results from Rhode Island (1 March 2020-17 February 2021) and New York City (10 March 2020-14 December 2020). Participants with a positive virus test ≥14 days before their serology test were included. Reinfection was defined as a second positive SARS-CoV-2 test ≥90 days after the first positive test. The association between serostatus and reinfection was assessed with a proportional hazards model.ResultsAmong 1572 previously infected persons, 40 (2.5%) were reinfected. Reinfection differed by serostatus: 8.4% among seronegative vs 1.9% among seropositive participants (P < .0001). Most reinfections occurred among Rhode Island nursing home and corrections personnel (n = 30) who were most frequently tested (mean 30.3 tests vs 4.6 for other Rhode Island and 2.3 for New York City participants). The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for reinfection in seropositive vs seronegative persons was 0.41 (95% confidence interval [CI], .20-.81). Exposure to a household member with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) before the serosurvey was also protective (aHR, 0.34; 95% CI, .13-.89).ConclusionsReinfections were uncommon among previously infected persons over a 9-month period that preceded widespread variant circulation. Seropositivity decreased reinfection risk. Lower reinfection risk associated with exposure to a household member with COVID-19 may reflect subsequently reduced household transmission.

| S-EPMC8767877 | biostudies-literature

Rapid Lineage Assignment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Cases through Automated Library Preparation, Sequencing, and Bioinformatic Analysis.

Project description:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has provided a stage to illustrate that there is considerable value in obtaining rapid, whole-genome-based information about pathogens. This article describes the utility of a commercially available, automated severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) library preparation, genome sequencing, and a bioinformatics analysis pipeline to provide rapid, near-real-time SARS-CoV-2 variant description. This study evaluated the turnaround time, accuracy, and other quality-related parameters obtained from commercially available automated sequencing instrumentation, from analysis of continuous clinical samples obtained from January 1, 2021, to October 6, 2021. This analysis included a base-by-base assessment of sequencing accuracy at every position in the SARS-CoV-2 chromosome using two commercially available methods. Mean turnaround time, from the receipt of a specimen for SARS-CoV-2 testing to the availability of the results, with lineage assignment, was <3 days. Accuracy of sequencing by one method was 100%, although certain sites on the genome were found repeatedly to have been sequenced with varying degrees of read error rate.

| S-EPMC9902282 | biostudies-literature

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