Prevalence and factors contributing to dental caries in 12-15-year-old school adolescents in northeast China.
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SUBMITTER: Li J
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8593713 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BACKGROUND:This study aimed to assess the dental caries and erosion status of 12-year-old Hong Kong children and study the determinants of dental caries and dental erosion of these children. METHODS:The survey was performed from 2011 to 2012 with ethics approval. Stratified random sampling was adopted to select 12-year-old children in 7 primary schools in Hong Kong. The participating parents were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire concerning their children's diet and oral health habits. The children were examined for caries status with WHO criteria by 3 calibrated examiners. Detection of dental erosion followed Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) criteria. RESULTS:A total of 704 children were recruited and 600 (316 boys, 53%) participated in the survey. There were 124 children (21%) with caries experience (DMFT?>?0) and their DMFT was 0.34?±?0.76. About half of their decay was unfilled (DT?=?0.16?±?0.52) The DMFT of girls and boys were 0.45?±?0.89 and 0.23?±?0.61, respectively (p?=?0.001). Girls also had a higher DT (0.21?±?0.62 compared with 0.11?±?0.41, p?=?0.013) and FT than boys (0.23?±?0.63 compared with 0.12?±?0.44, p?=?0.016). Most children (75%) had at least some sign of erosion (BEWE?>?0), but no severe erosion (BEWE?=?3). Logistic regression showed girls who consumed soft drinks and took vitamin C supplements had higher caries risk. Dental erosion was more severe among the children who had caries experience and consumed fruit juice. CONCLUSIONS:The 12-year-old Hong Kong children had low caries experience, and almost half of the decay was left untreated. Although severe erosion was not found, many children had early signs of erosion.
| S-EPMC3890525 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundFrom 2005 to 2015, the prevalence of dental caries in both primary and permanent dentitions was significantly increased in China. Previous studies have shown that the prevalence of permanent dental caries in school-aged children had already reached 19.7%-54.0%, 97.5% affecting first permanent molars. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and contributing factors of dental caries in 6-year-old children in four regions of China to provide information for oral health promotion programs.MethodsA randomized cluster sampling method was employed in the study. All 6-year-old first grade children from the selected schools were invited to receive a clinical oral examination. Dental caries were diagnosed according to the World Health Organization criteria. The erupting first permanent molars were recorded using the modified International Caries Detection Assessment System. Questionnaires assessing children's oral health-related behaviors and their caretakers' oral health awareness and attitudes were completed by the children's parents or guardians.ResultsOverall, 4,936 6-year-old school children participated in the survey. The prevalence of caries among these children was 87.7%, with a mean number of decayed, missing and filled teeth of 6.04 (SD, 4.24). In primary dentition, the caries prevalence was 87.7%, and the mean dmft score was 6.01 (SD, 4.22). In permanent dentition, the caries prevalence was 2.0%, the mean DFS score was 0.04 (SD, 0.31). All permanent dental caries occurred on the first permanent molars. Carious tooth surfaces were identified as modified ICDAS code "A" to indicate initial caries and distinct visual change in enamel. The mean DAS score of non-cavitated caries in the first permanent molars was 0.18 (SD, 0.67). Logistic regression analysis showed that regional and gender factors were significantly related to the caries experience of these children.ConclusionsThe 6-year-old children from four regions of China had sever primary dental caries and the first permanent molars were at high risk for dental caries. It is critical to protect permanent teeth from caries as early as the eruption of the first permanent molars.
| S-EPMC6546074 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundIndonesia has the largest population of all countries in southeast Asia. However, little information is available on the oral health status of Indonesian children. The aims of this study were to assess dental caries and erosive tooth wear in 12-year-old children in Jakarta, Indonesia and to investigate the associated risk factors.MethodsSamples were selected using cluster sampling. Parents were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire regarding their oral health knowledge, demographic information, their child's dietary habits, and oral health-related behaviors. Experience of caries and erosive tooth wear were recorded using the Decayed, Missing (due to caries), and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index and the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) index, respectively.ResultsOf 779 children invited, 696 participated in the survey. Of these, 61% had experienced caries, and the mean DMFT score was 1.58. Almost all decay was untreated. Children who were female, who had a high frequency of soft drink intake, and whose father's educational level was low were more likely to have dental caries. Most children had at least one lesion of erosive tooth wear. Children whose mother's educational level was low were more likely to have erosive tooth wear.ConclusionsThe prevalence of dental caries and erosive tooth wear was high in 12-year-old children in Jakarta. Their dietary habits and parental level of education were associated with the presence of these dental conditions.
| S-EPMC6720660 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe Swedish Quality Registry for caries and periodontal disease (SKaPa) automatically collects data on caries and periodontitis from patients' electronic dental records. Provided the data entries are reliable and accurate, the registry has potential value as a data source for registry-based research. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and accuracy of the SKaPa registry information on dental caries in 6- and 12-year-old children.MethodThis diagnostic accuracy study compared dental caries data registered at an examination with dental health status registered in the patient's electronic dental records, and with corresponding data retrieved from the SKaPa registry. Clinical examinations of 170 6- and 12-year-old children were undertaken by one of the researchers in conjunction with the children's regular annual dental examinations where the number of teeth were registered, and dental caries was diagnosed using ICDAS II. Teeth with fillings were defined as filled and were added to the ICDAS II score and subsequently dft/DFT was calculated for each individual. Cohen's Kappa, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and sensitivity and specificity were calculated to test the agreement of the 'decayed and filled teeth' in deciduous and permanent teeth (dft/DFT) from the three sources.ResultsCohen's Kappa of the dft/DFT-values was calculated to 0.79 between the researcher and the patient record, to 0.95 between patient dental record and SKaPa, and to 0.76 between the researcher and SKaPa. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to 0.96 between the researcher and the patient journal, to 0.99 between the patient dental record vs. SKaPa, and to 0.95 between the researcher and SKaPa.ConclusionThe SKaPa registry information demonstrated satisfactory reliability and accuracy on dental caries in 6- and 12-year-old children and is a reliable source for registry-based research. Trial registration The study was registered in Clinical Trials ( www.ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT03039010).
| S-EPMC8305535 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The traditional concept of education and school settings significantly contribute to the sedentary behavior of adolescents at secondary schools. The aim of this study is to identify the volume and intensity of physical activity (PA) that adolescent boys and girls engage in during recesses, after school, and during the day to compensate for sedentary behavior in lessons. The study was conducted at 29 Czech and 9 Polish schools. The study involved 868 girls and 409 boys aged 15-17 years. An ActiTrainerTM accelerometer was used to monitor PA and heart rate. Participants were divided into four quartile groups. Most sedentary boys and girls had less PA and showed a worse ratio of physical inactivity (PI)/PA than non-sedentary participants during recesses. In the after-school period, there were no significant differences. On school days, most sedentary boys and girls showed lower PA, a worse ratio of PI/PA, fewer steps·hour-1, and lower energy expenditure than their non-sedentary counterparts. Vigorous PA of ?8 METs was reached by 48% of most sedentary boys (75% non-sedentary) and 47% of most sedentary girls (54% non-sedentary). Most sedentary adolescents do not compensate for their sedentary behavior in lessons with higher PA intensity or volume during recesses, after-school, or in overall daily PA.
| S-EPMC7246541 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundTo assess the prevalence and severity of caries in 12- and 15-year-old schoolchildren, and to analyse the related risk factors.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study on a random sample of 1843 schoolchildren aged 12 and 15 from Galicia (northwest of Spain). Self-administered questionnaire and dental clinical examination were performed to obtain information about oral health habits, dental caries and oral hygiene. A logistic regression model including dental-caries-related variables was generated for each age group.ResultsThe respective findings for 12- and 15-years-old were as follows: decayed, missing, filled teeth index both for permanent and temporary dentition (DMFT/dmft) of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.87-0.91) and 1.38 (95% CI, 1.33-1.43), respectively; caries prevalence 39.6% (95% CI, 36.3-42.9) and 51.7% (95% CI, 48.0-55.4), respectively. In the 12-year-old group, individuals who occasionally, never or hardly ever brushed their teeth had higher values of caries (OR?=?1.83, 95% CI 1.07-3.15, and OR?=?9.14, 95% CI1.63-51.17, respectively). Also, the presence of plaque on more than 1/3 gingival was statistically associated with an increase of caries (OR?=?2.03; 95% CI, 1.11-3.70), and living in a rural environment was a risk factor (OR?=?1.3; 95% CI,1.02-1.80). In the 15-year-old group, higher caries risk was found when brushing was performed once a day (OR?=?1.61; 95% CI,1.03-2.50), and among individuals who visited private clinics (OR?=?1.77; 95% CI, 1.17-2.66), while electric toothbrush was associated with a lower caries risk (OR?=?0.50; 95% CI, 0.29-0.86).ConclusionsThis study revealed that risk factors of dental caries showed differences in schoolchildren of 12- and 15-year-old. Strongest evidence related to caries in 12-year-old group were found in frequency of toothbrushing and dental plaque. In 15-year old group, electric toothbrush, time since the last visit to the dentist and type of dental care (public/private) had a stronger association with dental caries. Caries prevalence and mean DMFT/dmft increased from 12- to 15-year-old, in spite of improvement in oral hygiene at the age of 15.
| S-EPMC6582601 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background:To describe and compare the separate and combined prevalence of physical activity, active transportation, physical education, and sedentary behavior among adolescents 12-15 year-olds in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods:We used the latest data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS), which collect data on the physical behaviors of young adolescents in LMICs. The weighted prevalence and 95% confidence intervals of separate, combined and all of the qualifying physical behaviors were calculated. Pooled overall and regional estimates were calculated using a random effects model. Results:In total, 154?559 young adolescents (45.90% boys) aged 12-15 from 54 countries covered in the GSHS were included in our analysis. Only 0.7% (95% confidence interval (CI)?=?0.5%-1.0%) of the adolescents, comprising 0.9% (95% CI?=?0.6%-1.3%) of the boys and 0.5% (95% CI?=?0.3%-0.7%) of the girls, displayed all of the qualifying physical behaviors. The overall prevalence of physical activity, active transportation, physical education, and sedentary behavior was 15.2% (95% CI?=?13.7%-16.7%), 39.5% (95% CI?=?34.9%-44.0%), 18.8% (95% CI?=?16.1%-21.5%), and 34.6% (95% CI?=?28.4%-40.7%), respectively. The overall prevalence of high levels of combined physical behaviors was 6.6% (95% CI?=?5.4%-7.8%), with lowest in the Eastern Mediterranean region (4.9%, 95% CI?=?3.5%-6.2%) and highest in Southeast Asia (8.6%, 95% CI?=?4.9%-12.3%). Conclusion:The prevalence of the separate physical behaviors and high levels of the combined physical behaviors was consistently low among young adolescents in LMICs, and that of all qualifying physical behaviors was even lower.
| S-EPMC7211419 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesThe purpose of our study was to investigate the association of different socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors with dental caries in six-year-old children. Furthermore, we applied a district based approach to explore the distribution of dental caries among districts of low and high socioeconomic position (SEP).MethodsIn our cross-sectional study 5189 six-year-olds were included. This study was embedded in a prospective population-based birth cohort study in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, the Generation R Study. Parental education level, parental employment status, net household income, single parenting, and teenage pregnancy were considered as indicators for SEP. Dental caries was scored on intraoral photographs by using the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) index. We compared children without caries (dmft=0) to children with mild caries (dmft=1-3) or severe caries (dmft >3). Multinomial logistic regression analyses and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to study the association between SEP and caries, and between district and caries, respectively.ResultsOnly maternal education level remained significantly associated with mild caries after adjusting for all other SEP-indicators. Paternal educational level, parental employment status, and household income additionally served as independent indicators of SEP in children with severe caries. Furthermore, living in more disadvantaged districts was significantly associated with higher odds of dental caries.ConclusionDental caries is more prevalent among six-year-old children with a low SEP, which is also visible at the district level. Maternal educational level is the most important indicator of SEP in the association with caries.Clinical significanceOur results should raise concerns about the existing social inequalities in dental caries and should encourage development of dental caries prevention strategies. New knowledge about the distribution of oral health inequalities between districts should be used to target the right audience for these strategies.
| S-EPMC6485603 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Schools have a crucial role to play in preventing youth smoking. However, the well-known long-term health consequences of youth smoking may be insufficient to convince education stakeholders to devote efforts to implement school-based programmes. However, if youth smoking were to have short-term consequences, this evidence could prompt education stakeholders' action. In this article, we investigate the link between smoking and school absenteeism. METHODS:We used data from the 2011 wave of the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs, on adolescents aged 15-16. We applied logistic models to assess the risk of more than 3 missed school days, by cause, as function of smoking intensity, adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic status, academic performance, parental involvement and other risk behaviours (alcohol and cannabis consumption). Consistency was assessed by replicating the analyses for each sex and age group and further adjusting for depression and self-esteem. RESULTS:Smoking more than five cigarettes per day was significantly linked to school absenteeism, with a 55% excess risk of missing more than 3 school days per month due to illness (OR = 1.55, 95% CI 1.46-1.64), and a more than two times excess risk due to skipping (OR = 2.29; 95% CI 2.16-2.43). These findings were consistent across age and sex groups. CONCLUSION:We observed an association between smoking intensity and absenteeism among youth in Europe. This implies that, to the extent that this association is causal, school tobacco control policies may reduce the short-term consequences of smoking on adolescents' education and health.
| S-EPMC6660109 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesThe association between poor parenting and dental caries in children remains unclear. We investigated the association of poor parenting with dental caries and oral health behaviour among children aged 6-7 years in Japan.MethodsTwo waves of repeated cross-sectional surveys on children and their caregivers in Adachi City, Tokyo, were analysed. Questionnaires on parenting behaviour and the child's oral health behaviour were distributed through schools and completed by 8499 caregivers (response rate = 80.8%). The number of decayed or filled primary teeth (dft) at school dental health check-ups was linked to the survey data (N for complete case analysis = 6309). Factor analysis was performed to identify types of poor parenting: poor involvement, child abuse and lack of supervision of a child's health behaviours. The association between factor scores (z-score), the number of dft and oral health behaviour (not brushing teeth twice a day, not controlling snack eating habits and drinking juice every day) was evaluated by Poisson's regressions adjusted for covariates, including caregiver's socioeconomic status.ResultsPoor involvement and lack of supervision of a child's health behaviours were positively associated with dft (mean ratio, MR [95% confidence interval, CI] =1.05 [1.03, 1.07] and 1.18 [1.16, 1.21], respectively) and unhealthy oral health behaviours. Child abuse was not associated with dft (MR = 0.99 [0.96, 1.01]) but was associated with all three unhealthy oral health behaviours (prevalence ratio, PR [95% CI] were 1.11 [1.06, 1.16], 1.11 [1.06, 1.16] and 1.06 [1.00, 1.11] for not brushing teeth, not controlling snack eating and drinking juice, respectively).ConclusionsPoor involvement and lack of supervision of a child's health behaviours were associated with dental caries, and any type of poor parenting was associated with poor oral health behaviour among children.
| S-EPMC7689935 | biostudies-literature