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Deep Eutectic Solvents for High‐Temperature Electrochemical Capacitors

ABSTRACT: Abstract This article provides an overview of a deep eutectic mixture based on the application of lithium nitrate (V) and acetamide as an electrolyte in a carbon‐based electrochemical capacitor. This type of electrolyte is intended to be applied in devices designed for operation under critical conditions (e. g., extreme temperatures). In contrast to water‐ and common organic‐based formulations, the proposed electrolyte ensures good device performance at 100 °C. To describe the chemistry of the proposed mixture, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry were used. Electrochemical analysis includes the verification of system ageing, self‐discharge monitoring, leakage current measuring, and fundamental testing related to determining the specific capacitance or maximum voltage. Additionally, comprehensive analysis of the lithium nitrate salt and organic solvent addition to the operating system was carried out, including the replacement of lithium ions with sodium or potassium. Extreme electrolyte: There is a great need for new electrolytes for use in electrochemical capacitors that will allow operation in extreme environmental conditions. Here, a deep eutectic solvent based on lithium nitrate and acetamide was applied at 100 °C. This solvent‐free mixture ensures stability and long cyclability of the system under such severe conditions.

SUBMITTER: Mackowiak A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8596588 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Non-Ionic Deep Eutectic Liquids: Acetamide-Urea Derived Room Temperature Solvents.

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Interfacial Properties of Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents with Water.

Project description:Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have recently gained much attention as water-immiscible solvents for a wide range of applications. However, very few studies exist in which the hydrophobicity of these DESs is quantified. In this work, the interfacial properties of hydrophobic DESs with water were computed at various temperatures using molecular dynamics simulations. The considered DESs were tetrabutylammonium chloride-decanoic acid (TBAC-dec) with a molar ratio of 1:2, thymol-decanoic acid (Thy-dec) with a molar ratio of 1:2, and dl-menthol-decanoic acid (Men-dec) with a molar ratio of 2:1. The following properties were investigated in detail: interfacial tensions, water-in-DES solubilities (and salt-in-water solubilities for TBAC-dec/water), density profiles, and the number densities of hydrogen bonds. Different ionic charge scaling factors were used for TBAC-dec. Thy-dec and Men-dec showed a high level of hydrophobicity with negligible computed water-in-DES solubilities. For charge scaling factors of 0.7 and 1 for the thymol and decanoic acid components of Thy-dec, the computed interfacial tensions of the DESs are in the following order: TBAC-dec (ca. 4 mN m-1) < Thy-dec (20 mN m-1) < Men-dec (26 mN m-1). The two sets of charge scaling factors for Thy-dec did not lead to different density profiles but resulted in considerable differences in the DES/water interfacial tensions due to different numbers of decanoic acid-water hydrogen bonds at the interfaces. Large peaks were observed for the density profiles of (the hydroxyl oxygen of) decanoic acid at the interfaces of all DES/water mixtures, indicating a preferential alignment of the oxygen atoms of decanoic acid toward the aqueous phase.

| S-EPMC8591605 | biostudies-literature

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