Dataset Information

Trophic state in a tropical lake based on Chlorophyll-a profiler data and Sentinel-2 images: The onset of an algal bloom event.

ABSTRACT: The condition of Lake Zirahuén was evaluated before and after a significant algal bloom took place. The state of the lake was tracked using measurements of chlorophyll-a concentration from a fluorometer attached to a conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) profiler and complemented with the use of satellite images from Sentinel-2. It was found that the current state of the lake is in transition from an oligotrophic to a mesotrophic level with some evidence of deterioration, but still being considered as a clear lake. With the use of empirical algorithms to retrieve chlorophyll-a from satellite data it was found that the images presented an acceptable feasibility (R² = 0.64). The observed algal bloom was detected one month before the algae reached its major extent, being the reflectiveness of the green band a good indicator of the onset of the algal bloom event. Favorable conditions for the algal bloom were also recorded two months before its major extend through a chain of thermistors. PRACTITIONER POINTS: The trophic state of Lake Zirahuén was evaluated before and after a significant algal bloom took place. The lake is classified as being in transition from oligotrophic to mesotrophic. Nonetheless, it continues to have good clarity. Satellite images improve in the description of the spatial-temporal variability of the lake. In particular, the green band reflectiveness.

SUBMITTER: Pantoja DA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8596837 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Recently, harmful algal bloom (HAB), also termed "red tide", has been recognized as a serious problem in marine environments according to climate changes worldwide. Many novel materials or methods to prevent HAB have not yet been employed except for clay dispersion, in which can the resulting sedimentation on the seafloor can also cause alteration in marine ecology or secondary environmental pollution. In the current study, we investigated that antimicrobial peptide have a potential in controlling HAB without cytotoxicity to harmless marine organisms. Here, antimicrobial peptides are proposed as new algicidal compounds in combating HAB cells. HPA3 and HPA3NT3 peptides which exert potent antimicrobial activity via pore forming action in plasma membrane showed that HPA3NT3 reduced the motility of algal cells, disrupted their plasma membrane, and induced the efflux of intracellular components. Against raphidoflagellate such as Heterosigma akashiwo, Chattonella sp., and C. marina, it displayed a rapid lysing action in cell membranes at 1~4 µM within 2 min. Comparatively, its lysing effects occurred at 8 µM within 1 h in dinoflagellate such as Cochlodium polykrikoides, Prorocentrum micans, and P. minimum. Moreover, its lysing action induced the lysis of chloroplasts and loss of chlorophyll a. In the contrary, this peptide was not effective against Skeletonema costatum, harmless algal cell, even at 256 µM, moreover, it killed only H. akashiwo or C. marina in co-cultivation with S. costatum, indicating to its selective algicidal activity between harmful and harmless algal cells. The peptide was non-hemolytic against red blood cells of Sebastes schlegeli, the black rockfish, at 120 µM. HAB cells were quickly and selectively lysed following treatment of antimicrobial peptides without cytotoxicity to harmless marine organisms. Thus, the antibiotic peptides examined in our study appear to have much potential in effectively controlling HAB with minimal impact on marine ecology.

Dataset Information

Trophic state in a tropical lake based on Chlorophyll-a profiler data and Sentinel-2 images: The onset of an algal bloom event.

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