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Opportunities and Limitations of Ionic Liquid- and Organic Carbonate Solvent-Based Electrolytes for Mg-Ion-Based Dual-Ion Batteries.

ABSTRACT: Dual-ion batteries (DIBs) offer a great alternative to state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries, based on their high promises due to the absence of transition metals and the use of low-cost materials, which could make them economically favorable targeting stationary energy storage applications. In addition, they are not limited by certain metal cations, and DIBs with a broad variety of utilized ions could be demonstrated over the last years. Herein, a systematic study of different electrolyte approaches for Mg-ion-based DIBs was conducted. A side-by-side comparison of Li- and Mg-ion-based electrolytes using activated carbon as negative electrode revealed the opportunities but also limitations of Mg-ion-based DIBs. Ethylene sulfite was successfully introduced as electrolyte additive and increased the specific discharge capacity significantly up to 93±2 mAh g^-1 with coulombic efficiencies over 99 % and an excellent capacity retention of 88 % after 400 cycles. In addition, and for the first time, highly concentrated carbonate-based electrolytes were employed for Mg-ion-based DIBs, showing adequate discharge capacities and high coulombic efficiencies.

SUBMITTER: Kupers V

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8596887 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:At the core of the aluminum (Al) ion battery is the liquid electrolyte, which governs the underlying chemistry. Optimizing the rheological properties of the electrolyte is critical to advance the state of the art. In the present work, the chloroaluminate electrolyte is made by reacting AlCl3 with a recently reported acetamidinium chloride (Acet-Cl) salt in an effort to make a more performant liquid electrolyte. Using AlCl3:Acet-Cl as a model electrolyte, we build on our previous work, which established a new method for extracting the ionic conductivity from fitting voltammetric data, and in this contribution, we validate the method across a range of measurement parameters in addition to highlighting the model electrolytes' conductivity relative to current chloroaluminate liquids. Specifically, our method allows the extraction of both the ionic conductivity and voltammetric data from a single, simple, and routine measurement. To bring these results in the context of current methods, we compare our results to two independent standard conductivity measurement techniques. Several different measurement parameters (potential scan rate, potential excursion, temperature, and composition) are examined. We find that our novel method can resolve similar trends in conductivity to conventional methods, but typically, the values are a factor of two higher. The values from our method, on the other hand, agree closely with literature values reported elsewhere. Importantly, having now established the approach for our new method, we discuss the conductivity of AlCl3:Acet-Cl-based formulations. These electrolytes provide a significant improvement (5-10× higher) over electrolytes made from similar Lewis base salts (e.g., urea or acetamide). The Lewis base salt precursors have a low economic cost compared to state-of-the-art imidazolium-based salts and are non-toxic, which is advantageous for scale-up. Overall, this is a noteworthy step at designing cost-effective and performant liquid electrolytes for Al-ion battery applications.

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Opportunities and Limitations of Ionic Liquid- and Organic Carbonate Solvent-Based Electrolytes for Mg-Ion-Based Dual-Ion Batteries.

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