Correlation of the SpO2/FiO2 (S/F) ratio and the PaO2/FiO2 (P/F) ratio in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
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SUBMITTER: Kumar A
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8598943 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jul
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Correlation of the SpO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> (S/F) ratio and the PaO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> (P/F) ratio in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
Kumar A A Aggarwal R R Khanna P P Kumar R R Singh A K AK Soni K D KD Trikha A A
Medicina intensiva 20211118 7
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Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC9221934 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Some patients affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) experience acute hypoxemic respiratory failure progressing toward atypical acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The aim of the study is to evaluate whether a correlation between ratio of peripheral saturation of oxygen (SpO2) and fraction of inspired oxygen (S/F) and ratio of arterial partial pressure of oxygen and fraction of inspired oxygen (P/F) exists in COVID-19-related ARDS as already known in classical ARDS. In this multicenter, retrospective, observational study, consecutive, adult (≥ 18 years) patients with symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) admitted to different COVID-19 divisions in Italy between March and December 2020 were included. Patients with SpO2 > 97% or missing information were excluded. We included 1,028 patients (median age 72 years, prevalence of males [62.2%]). A positive correlation was found between P/F and S/F (r = 0.938, p < 0.0001). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that S/F accurately recognizes the presence of ARDS (P/F ≤ 300 mmHg) in COVID-19 patients, with a cut-off of ≤ 433% showing good sensitivity and specificity. S/F was also tested against P/F values ≤ 200 and ≤ 100 mmHg (suggestive for moderate and severe ARDS, respectively), the latter showing great accuracy for S/F ≤ 178%. S/F was accurate in predicting ARDS for SpO2 ≥ 92%. In conclusion, our findings support the routine use of S/F as a reliable surrogate of P/F in patients with COVID-19-related ARDS.
| S-EPMC9034256 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We studied the predictive value of the PaO2/FiO2 ratio for classifying COVID-19-positive patients who will develop severe clinical outcomes. One hundred fifty patients were recruited and categorized into two distinct populations ("A" and "B"), according to the indications given by the World Health Organization. Patients belonging the population "A" presented with mild disease not requiring oxygen support, whereas population "B" presented with a severe disease needing oxygen support. The AUC curve of PaO2/FiO2 in the discovery cohort was 0.838 (95% CI 0.771-0.908). The optimal cut-off value for distinguishing population "A" from the "B" one, calculated by Youden's index, with sensitivity of 71.79% and specificity 85.25%, LR+4.866, LR-0.339, was < 274 mmHg. The AUC in the validation cohort of 170 patients overlapped the previous one, i.e., 0.826 (95% CI 0.760-0.891). PaO2/FiO2 ratio < 274 mmHg was a good predictive index test to forecast the development of a severe respiratory failure in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. Moreover, our work highlights that PaO2/FiO2 ratio, compared to inflammatory scores (hs-CRP, NLR, PLR and LDH) indicated to be useful in clinical managements, results to be the most reliable parameter to identify patients who require closer respiratory monitoring and more aggressive supportive therapies. Clinical trial registration: Prognostic Score in COVID-19, prot. NCT04780373 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04780373 (retrospectively registered).
| S-EPMC8505469 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimProne positioning of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients could improve oxygenation. However, clinical data on prone positioning of intubated COVID-19 patients are limited. We investigated trends of PaO2 / FiO2 ratio values in patients during prone positioning to identify a predictive factor for early detection of patients requiring advanced therapeutic intervention such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).MethodsThis retrospective, observational cohort study was undertaken between April 2020 and May 2021 in a tertiary referral hospital for COVID-19 in Osaka, Japan. We included intubated adult COVID-19 patients treated with prone positioning within the first 72 h of admission to the intensive care unit and followed them until hospital discharge or death. Primary outcomes were in-hospital mortality and escalation of care to ECMO. We used unsupervised k-means clustering modeling to categorize COVID-19 patients by PaO2 / FiO2 ratio responsiveness to prone positioning.ResultsThe final study cohort comprised 54 of 155 consecutive severe COVID-19 patients. Three clusters were generated according to trends in PaO2 / FiO2 ratios during prone positioning (cluster A, n = 16; cluster B, n = 24; cluster C, n = 14). Baseline characteristics of all clusters were almost similar. Cluster A (no increase in PaO2 / FiO2 ratio during prone positioning) had a significantly higher proportion of patients placed on ECMO or who died (6/16, 37.5%). Numbers of patients with ECMO and with in-hospital death were significantly different between the three groups (p = 0.017).ConclusionIn Japanese patients intubated due to COVID-19, clinicians should consider earlier escalation of treatment, such as facility transfer or ECMO, if the PaO2 / FiO2 ratio does not increase during initial prone positioning.
| S-EPMC9167425 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo study the effect of delivery on the pO2 /FiO2 ratio (P/F ratio) in patients with COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and to compare characteristics between delivered and undelivered pregnant patients with COVID-19.DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingFour hospitals in Houston, Texas.PopulationPregnant patients admitted to the hospital for COVID-19.MethodsAmong patients with ARDS who were delivered during their hospitalisation for COVID-19, linear mixed models were used to investigate time trends before and after delivery of the P/F ratio. Patient characteristics were compared between patients delivered during their hospitalisation for COVID-19 and those discharged undelivered.Main outcome measuresThe P/F ratio, age, gestational age, length of stay and severity of illness, RESULTS: Between 4 May 2020 and 26 July 2020, a total of 61 pregnant patients were admitted for COVID-19. Baseline characteristics were similar between the study groups. Delivery occurred in 21 (34%) of patients during their hospitalisation for COVID-19. Delivered patients had more severe disease and were admitted at a later gestational age than patients not delivered. Ten of these 21 patients (48%) were delivered preterm; of these, six were delivered due to complications of COVID-19 and four were delivered for obstetric indications. In patients with ARDS who were delivered (n = 17), the P/F ratio had a negative slope that improved after delivery.ConclusionsCOVID-19-related ARDS in pregnancy requires multidisciplinary care and individualised decision-making, but delivery slows the deterioration of the P/F ratio in these patients.Tweetable abstractDelivery improves the P/F ratio in COVID-19-related ARDS, though individualised delivery management is needed.
| S-EPMC8441853 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The increasing requirement of mechanical ventilation (MV) due to the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is still a global threat. The aim of this study is to identify markers that can easily stratify the impending use of MV in the emergency room (ER). A total of 106 patients with COVID-19 requiring oxygen support were enrolled. Fifty-nine patients were provided MV 0.5 h (interquartile range: 0.3 to 1.4) post-admission. Clinical and laboratory data before intubation were collected. Using a multivariate logistic regression model, we identified four markers associated with the impending use of MV, including the ratio of peripheral blood oxygen saturation to fraction of inspired oxygen (SpO2/FiO2 ratio), alanine aminotransferase, blood glucose (BG), and lymphocyte counts. Among these markers, SpO2/FiO2 ratio and BG, which can be measured easily and immediately, showed higher accuracy (AUC: 0.88) than SpO2/FiO2 ratio alone (AUC: 0.84), despite no significant difference (DeLong test: P = 0.591). Moreover, even in patients without severe respiratory failure (SpO2/FiO2 ratio > 300), BG (> 138 mg/dL) was predictive of MV use. Measuring BG and SpO2/FiO2 ratio may be a simple and versatile new strategy to accurately identify ER patients with COVID-19 at high risk for the imminent need of MV.
| S-EPMC10733355 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Identifying high-risk COVID-19 patients is critical for emergency department decision-making. Our study's primary objective was to identify new independent predictors of mortality and their predictive utility in combination with traditional pneumonia risk assessment scores and new risk scores for COVID-19 developed during the pandemic. Methods: A retrospective study was performed in two Italian University Hospitals. A multivariable logistic model was used to locate independent parameters associated with mortality. Results: Age, PaO2/FiO2, and SpO2/FiO2 ratios were found to be independent parameters associated with mortality. This study found that the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) was superior to many of the risk scores developed during the pandemic, for example, the International Severe Acute Respiratory Infection Consortium Coronavirus Clinical Characterisation Consortium (ISARIC 4C) (AUC 0.845 vs. 0.687, p < 0.001), and to many of the risk scores already in use, for example, the National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) (AUC 0.845 vs. 0.589, p < 0.001). Furthermore, our study found that the Pneumonia Severity Index had a similar performance to other risk scores, such as CRB-65 (AUC 0.845 vs. 0.823, p = 0.294). Combining the PaO2/FiO2 or SpO2/FiO2 ratios with the risk scores analyzed improved the prognostic accuracy. Conclusions: Adding the SpO2/FiO2 ratio to the traditional, validated, and already internationally known pre-pandemic prognostic scores seems to be a valid and rapid alternative to the need for developing new prognostic scores. Future research should focus on integrating these markers into existing pneumonia scores to improve their prognostic accuracy.
| S-EPMC11478206 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To identify the risk factors of mortality for the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) through a retrospective analysis. The demographic, clinical, laboratory, and chest imaging data of patients admitted to the ICU of Huoshenshan Hospital from February 10 to April 10, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Student's t-test and Chi-square test were used to compare the continuous and categorical variables, respectively. The logistic regression model was employed to ascertain the risk factors of mortality. This retrospective study involved 123 patients, including 64 dead and 59 survivors. Among them, 57 people were tested for interleukin-6 (IL-6) (20 died and 37 survived). In all included patients, the oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) was identified as an independent risk factor (odd ratio [OR] = 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.928-0.994, p = 0.021). The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.895 (95% CI: 0.826-0.943, p < 0.0001). Among the patients tested for IL-6, the PaO2/FiO2 (OR = 0.955, 95%CI: 0.915-0.996, p = 0.032) and IL-6 (OR = 1.013, 95%CI: 1.001-1.025, p = 0.028) were identified as independent risk factors. The AUC was 0.9 (95% CI: 0.791-0.964, p < 0.0001) for IL-6 and 0.865 (95% CI: 0.748-0.941, p < 0.0001) for PaO2/FiO2. PaO2/FiO2 and IL-6 could potentially serve as independent risk factors for predicting death in COVID-19 patients requiring intensive care.
| S-EPMC8016870 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe SpO2/FiO2 is a useful oxygenation parameter with prognostic capacity in patients with ARDS. We investigated the prognostic capacity of SpO2/FiO2 for mortality in patients with ARDS due to COVID-19.MethodsThis was a post-hoc analysis of a national multicenter cohort study in invasively ventilated patients with ARDS due to COVID-19. The primary endpoint was 28-day mortality.ResultsIn 869 invasively ventilated patients, 28-day mortality was 30.1%. The SpO2/FiO2 on day 1 had no prognostic value. The SpO2/FiO2 on day 2 and day 3 had prognostic capacity for death, with the best cut-offs being 179 and 199, respectively. Both SpO2/FiO2 on day 2 (OR, 0.66 [95%-CI 0.46-0.96]) and on day 3 (OR, 0.70 [95%-CI 0.51-0.96]) were associated with 28-day mortality in a model corrected for age, pH, lactate levels and kidney dysfunction (AUROC 0.78 [0.76-0.79]). The measured PaO2/FiO2 and the PaO2/FiO2 calculated from SpO2/FiO2 were strongly correlated (Spearman's r = 0.79).ConclusionsIn this cohort of patients with ARDS due to COVID-19, the SpO2/FiO2 on day 2 and day 3 are independently associated with and have prognostic capacity for 28-day mortality. The SpO2/FiO2 is a useful metric for risk stratification in invasively ventilated COVID-19 patients.
| S-EPMC8641962 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe current Berlin definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) uses the PaO2/FiO2 (P/F) ratio to classify severity. However, for the same P/F ratio, a patient on a higher positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) may have more severe lung injury than one on a lower PEEP.ObjectivesWe designed a new formula, the P/FP ratio, incorporating PEEP into the P/F ratio and multiplying with a correction factor of 10 [(PaO2*10)/(FiO2*PEEP)], to evaluate if it better predicts hospital mortality compared to the P/F ratio post-intubation and to assess the resultant changes in severity classification of ARDS.MethodsWe categorized patients from a dataset of seven ARDS network trials using the thresholds of ≤ 100 (severe), 101-200 (moderate), and 201-300 (mild) for both P/F (mmHg) and P/FP (mmHg/cmH2O) ratios and evaluated hospital mortality using areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC).ResultsOut of 3,442 patients, 1,057 (30.7%) died. The AUC for mortality was higher for the P/FP ratio than the P/F ratio for PEEP levels > 5 cmH2O: 0.710 (95% CI 0.691-0.730) versus 0.659 (95% CI 0.637-0.681), P < 0.001. Improved AUC was seen with increasing PEEP levels; for PEEP ≥ 18 cmH2O: 0.963 (95% CI 0.947-0.978) versus 0.828 (95% CI 0.765-0.891), P < 0.001. When the P/FP ratio was used instead of the P/F ratio, 12.5% and 15% of patients with moderate and mild ARDS, respectively, were moved to more severe categories, while 13.9% and 33.6% of patients with severe and moderate ARDS, respectively, were moved to milder categories. The median PEEP and FiO2 were 14 cmH2O and 0.70 for patients reclassified to severe ARDS, and 5 cmH2O and 0.40 for patients reclassified to mild ARDS.ConclusionsThe multifactorial P/FP ratio has a greater predictive validity for hospital mortality in ARDS than the P/F ratio. Changes in severity classification with the P/FP ratio reflect both true illness severity and the applied PEEP strategy.Trial registrationClinialTrials.gov-NCT03946150.
| S-EPMC8350287 | biostudies-literature