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Boosted Mechanical Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting of Polyvinylidene Fluoride/Barium Titanate Composite Porous Foam Based on Three-Dimensional Printing and Foaming Technology.

ABSTRACT: The popularity of intelligent and green electronic devices means that the use of renewable mechanical energy has gradually become an inevitable choice for social development. However, it is difficult for the existing energy harvesters to meet the requirement for efficient collection of discrete mechanical energy due to the limitation of traditional two-dimensional (2D) film deformation. In this research, a green and convenient supercritical carbon dioxide foaming (Sc-CO₂)-assisted selective laser sintering method was developed, and piezoelectric energy harvesters with a 3D porous structure of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/barium titanate (BaTiO₃) were successfully constructed. The 3D structure combined with the porous structure made full use of the normal space, amplified the stress-strain effect, and improved the piezoelectric output capability. Under the synergistic effect of BaTiO₃, the foams exhibited high output with an output voltage of 20.9 V and a current density of 0.371 nA/mm², which exceeded most of the known PVDF/BaTiO₃ energy harvesters, and the prepared piezoelectric energy harvester could directly light up 11 green light-emitting diodes and charge a 1 μF commercial capacitor to 4.98 V within 180 s. This work emphasizes the key role of 3D printing and Sc-CO₂ foaming in fabricating 3D piezoelectric energy harvesters.

SUBMITTER: Yang C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8600620 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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3D Printing of Piezoelectric Barium Titanate-Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds with Interconnected Porosity for Bone Tissue Engineering.

Project description:The prevalence of large bone defects is still a major problem in surgical clinics. It is, thus, not a surprise that bone-related research, especially in the field of bone tissue engineering, is a major issue in medical research. Researchers worldwide are searching for the missing link in engineering bone graft materials that mimic bones, and foster osteogenesis and bone remodeling. One approach is the combination of additive manufacturing technology with smart and additionally electrically active biomaterials. In this study, we performed a three-dimensional (3D) printing process to fabricate piezoelectric, porous barium titanate (BaTiO3) and hydroxyapatite (HA) composite scaffolds. The printed scaffolds indicate good cytocompatibility and cell attachment as well as bone mimicking piezoelectric properties with a piezoelectric constant of 3 pC/N. This work represents a promising first approach to creating an implant material with improved bone regenerating potential, in combination with an interconnected porous network and a microporosity, known to enhance bone growth and vascularization.

| S-EPMC7179021 | biostudies-literature

Piezoelectric barium titanate nanostimulators for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme.

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| S-EPMC6697537 | biostudies-literature

Core-Shell Nanofibers of Polyvinylidene Fluoride-based Nanocomposites as Piezoelectric Nanogenerators.

Project description:Flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENG) are widely applied to harvest sustainable energy from multiple energy sources. The rational and simple design of PENG have great potential in soft electronics. Here we design a highly flexible PENG using the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and its copolymer, polyvinylidene hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) with two nanoarchitectures of semiconducting metal oxides, TiO2 and ZnO. The nanotubes of TiO2 and nanoflowers of ZnO are embedded in these different polymeric media by solvent mixing, and new fiber mats are generated by coaxial electrospinning technique. This process aligns the dipoles of polymers and nanomaterials, which is normally a pre-requisite for higher piezo potential. With excellent mechanical strength and flexibility, the tailored lightweight fiber mats are capable of producing good output voltage (a maximum of 14 V) during different mechanical vibrations at various frequencies and in response to human motions. The hybrid nanocomposite PENG is durable and inexpensive and has possible applications in wearable electronics.

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Enhanced Piezoelectricity of Electrospun Polyvinylidene Fluoride Fibers for Energy Harvesting.

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Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Decorated Polyvinylidene Fluoride Nanofibers for Wearable Piezoelectric Nanogenerator Yarns.

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| S-EPMC9878976 | biostudies-literature

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Project description:Objective: The objective of this work is to study the effects of porosity on mechanical and piezoelectric properties of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) films for biomedical applications. Impact Statement: By investigating the piezoelectric properties of PVDF and the porosity effect on its electromechanical performance, there is potential for further development of PVDF as a hemodynamic sensor that can lead to further technological advancements in the biomedical field, benefiting patients and physicians alike. Introduction: PVDF thin films have shown potential in the application of hemodynamic flow sensing and monitoring the effects on blood flow caused by prosthetic valve implantation via the transcatheter aortic valve replacement operation. The piezoelectric performance of PVDF films can be influenced by the porosity of the material. Methods: In this study, strain tracking was performed on thin film PVDF specimens with various levels of porosity and pore sizes to determine the mechanical properties of the specimens. The mechanical properties were used to model the PVDF material in COMSOL multiphysics software, in which compression test simulations were performed to determine the piezoelectric coefficient d33 of the PVDF. Results: A decline in the elastic modulus was found to be highly inversely correlated with porosity of the specimens and the simulation results show that elastic modulus had a much greater effect on the piezoelectric properties than Poisson's ratio. Conclusion: A combination of experimental and computational techniques was able to characterize and correlate the mechanical properties of PVDF films of varying porosities to their piezoelectric properties.

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Interface-Dominated Time-Dependent Behavior of Poled Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride-Trifluoroethylene)/Barium Titanate Composites.

Project description:Composites in which particles of ferroelectric ceramic phase are randomly dispersed in a polymeric matrix are of interest because of flexibility, conformability, and ease of processing. However, their piezoelectric properties are rather low, unless very high volume fractions of ceramics are used. This brings agglomeration and porosity issues due to the large mismatch between the surface energies of the ceramics and of the polymer. Particle surface modification is a common approach for better dispersion; however, it may bring other effects on the properties of the composites, which are usually concealed by the huge improvement in performance due to the more homogenous microstructure. In this work, we compared poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene)/barium titanate composites containing 15 vol.% and 60 vol.% of pristine ceramic particles or particles modified with an aminosilane or a fluorosilane. Similar morphology, with good particle dispersion and low porosity, was achieved for all composites, owing to an efficient dispersion method. The materials were poled with two different poling procedures, and the piezoelectric coefficient d33, the relative permittivity, and the poling degree of barium titanate were followed in time. We highlighted that, although similar d33 were obtained with all types of particles, the nature of the particles surface and the poling procedure were associated with different charge trapping and influenced the evolution of d33 with time.

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Triboelectric Enhancement of Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membrane Using Magnetic Nanoparticle for Water-Based Energy Harvesting.

Project description:Produced by magnetic material dispersed in a viscous environment for the purpose of collecting and converting energy, magnetic rheological compounds greatly strengthen the development of skin-attachable and wearable electrical equipment. Given that magnetic nanomaterial anisotropy has a substantial influence on the interface polarizing of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), it is critical to explore the function of magnetic polymer compounds in the triboelectric layer of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) output power. In this study, ferromagnetic cobalt ferrite, CoFe2O4 (CFO), nanoparticles, and PVDF were employed to create a triboelectric composite membrane to improve TENG energy output. The content of β phase in PVDF increased significantly from 51.2% of pure PVDF membrane to 77.7% of 5 wt% CFO nanoparticles in the PVDF matrix, which further increase the dielectric constant and negative charge of the membrane. As a consequence, the energy output of CFO/PVDF-5 TENG increased significantly with a voltage of 17.2 V, a current of 2.27 μA, and a power density of 90.3 mW/m2, which is 2.4 times the performance of pure PVDF TENG. Finally, the proposal for TENG hopes that its extraordinary stability and durability will provide additional views on hydrodynamic power generation in the future.

| S-EPMC9026377 | biostudies-literature

A small-molecule organic ferroelectric with piezoelectric voltage coefficient larger than that of lead zirconate titanate and polyvinylidene difluoride.

Project description:Piezoelectric materials that generate electricity when deforming are ideal for many implantable medical sensing devices. In modern piezoelectric materials, inorganic ceramics and polymers are two important branches, represented by lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF). However, PVDF is a nondegradable plastic with poor crystallinity and a large coercive field, and PZT suffers from high sintering temperature and toxic heavy element. Here, we successfully design a metal-free small-molecule ferroelectric, 3,3-difluorocyclobutanammonium hydrochloride ((3,3-DFCBA)Cl), which has high piezoelectric voltage coefficients g 33 (437.2 × 10-3 V m N-1) and g 31 (586.2 × 10-3 V m N-1), a large electrostriction coefficient Q 33 (about 4.29 m4 C-2) and low acoustic impedance z 0 (2.25 × 106 kg s-1 m-2), significantly outperforming PZT (g 33 = 34 × 10-3 V m N-1 and z 0 = 2.54 × 107 kg s-1 m-2) and PVDF (g 33 = 286.7 × 10-3 V m N-1, g 31 = 185.9 × 10-3 V m N-1, Q 33 = 1.3 m4 C-2, and z 0 = 3.69 × 106 kg s-1 m-2). Such a low acoustic impedance matches that of the body (1.38-1.99 × 106 kg s-1 m-2) reasonably well, making it attractive as next-generation biocompatible piezoelectric devices for health monitoring and "disposable" invasive medical ultrasound imaging.

| S-EPMC9067616 | biostudies-literature

Tumor microenviroment-responsive self-assembly of barium titanate nanoparticles with enhanced piezoelectric catalysis capabilities for efficient tumor therapy.

Project description:Catalytic therapy based on piezoelectric nanoparticles has become one of the effective strategies to eliminate tumors. However, it is still a challenge to improve the tumor delivery efficiency of piezoelectric nanoparticles, so that they can penetrate normal tissues while specifically aggregating at tumor sites and subsequently generating large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to achieve precise and efficient tumor clearance. In the present study, we successfully fabricated tumor microenvironment-responsive assembled barium titanate nanoparticles (tma-BTO NPs): in the neutral pH environment of normal tissues, tma-BTO NPs were monodisperse and possessed the ability to cross the intercellular space; whereas, the acidic environment of the tumor triggered the self-assembly of tma-BTO NPs to form submicron-scale aggregates, and deposited in the tumor microenvironment. The self-assembled tma-BTO NPs not only caused mechanical damage to tumor cells; more interestingly, they also exhibited enhanced piezoelectric catalytic efficiency and produced more ROS than monodisperse nanoparticles under ultrasonic excitation, attributed to the mutual extrusion of neighboring particles within the confined space of the assembly. tma-BTO NPs exhibited differential cytotoxicity against tumor cells and normal cells, and the stronger piezoelectric catalysis and mechanical damage induced by the assemblies resulted in significant apoptosis of mouse breast cancer cells (4T1); while there was little damage to mouse embryo osteoblast precursor cells (MC3T3-E1) under the same treatment conditions. Animal experiments confirmed that peritumoral injection of tma-BTO NPs combined with ultrasound therapy can effectively inhibit tumor progression non-invasively. The tumor microenvironment-responsive self-assembly strategy opens up new perspectives for future precise piezoelectric-catalyzed tumor therapy.

| S-EPMC10696196 | biostudies-literature

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