Diagnosis of bone metastases in breast cancer: Lesion-based sensitivity of dual-time-point FDG-PET/CT compared to low-dose CT and bone scintigraphy
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SUBMITTER: Hansen J
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8601566 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Bone scintigraphy is the standard of reference in bone metastases in prostate cancer patients. However, new radiotracers employed in prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-ligands has led to the growing importance of PET/CT as diagnostic tool. The aim of our study was to investigate the difference between bone scan and PSMA-PET/CT for the detection of bone metastases in prostate cancer. Thirty patients with bone metastases originating from prostate cancer were examined by 99mTc-MDP bone scan and 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT within an average of 21 days. Bone scans were analyzed visually according to the number of lesions and using the software package ExiniBONE by Exini Diagnostics. PET/CT data was analyzed visually. Numbers of detected lesions were compared for the different methods for the whole patient and for different regions. In addition, results were compared to serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone alkaline phosphatase (bALP), pro gastrin releasing peptide (pGRP) and eastern cooperative oncology group (ECOG) performance status. In the bone scans, visual and semiautomatic lesion detection showed similar results with an average of 19.4 and 17.8 detected bone lesion per patient. However, in PSMA-PET/CT, on average double the numbers of lesions (40.0) were detected. The largest differences were found in the thorax and pelvis, which can be explained by the advantages of tomographic imaging. Bland-Altman analysis showed greater differences in patients with large numbers of bone metastases. No significant difference was found when using semiautomatic analysis compared to visual reading for bone scans. Fewer bone metastases were detected in bone scans than in PSMA-PET/CT. However, in none of our patients would the difference have led to clinical consequences. Therefore, it seems that for patients undergoing PSMA-PET/CT, there is no need to perform additional bone scans if the appropriate PET/CT protocols are applied.
| S-EPMC5620612 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeEvidence from studies with small numbers of patients indicates that (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) accurately detects distant metastases in the staging of primary breast cancer. We compared the sensitivity and specificity of PET/CT and conventional imaging (CT, ultrasonography, radiography, and skeletal scintigraphy) for the detection of distant metastases in patients with primary breast cancer.Patients and methodsWe performed a retrospective review that identified 225 patients with primary breast cancer seen from January 2000 to September 2009 for whom PET/CT data were available for review. Imaging findings were compared with findings on biopsy, subsequent imaging, or clinical follow-up. Sensitivity and specificity in the detection of distant metastases were calculated for PET/CT and conventional imaging. Fisher's exact tests were used to test the differences in sensitivity and specificity between PET/CT and conventional imaging.ResultsThe mean patient age at diagnosis was 53.4 years (range, 23-84 years). The sensitivity and specificity in the detection of distant metastases were 97.4% and 91.2%, respectively, for PET/CT and 85.9% and 67.3%, respectively, for conventional imaging. The sensitivity and specificity of PET/CT were significantly higher than those of conventional imaging (p = .009 and p < .001, respectively). Eleven cases of distant metastases detected by PET/CT were clinically occult and not evident on conventional imaging.ConclusionPET/CT has higher sensitivity and specificity than conventional imaging in the detection of distant metastases of breast cancer. A prospective study is needed to determine whether PET/CT could replace conventional imaging to detect distant metastases in patients with primary breast cancer.
| S-EPMC3228159 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore the application of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) image radiomics in the identification of spine multiple myeloma (MM) and bone metastasis (BM), and whether this method could improve the classification diagnosis performance compared with traditional methods.MethodsThis retrospective study collected a total of 184 lesions from 131 patients between January 2017 and January 2021. All images were visually evaluated independently by two physicians with 20 years of experience through the double-blind method, while the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of each lesion was recorded. A total of 279 radiomics features were extracted from the region of interest (ROI) of CT and PET images of each lesion separately by manual method. After the reliability test, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and 10-fold cross-validation were used to perform dimensionality reduction and screening of features. Two classification models of CT and PET were derived from CT images and PET images, respectively and constructed using the multivariate logistic regression algorithm. In addition, the ComModel was constructed by combining the PET model and the conventional parameter SUVmax. The performance of the three classification diagnostic models, as well as the human experts and SUVmax, were evaluated and compared, respectively.ResultsA total of 8 and 10 features were selected from CT and PET images for the construction of radiomics models, respectively. Satisfactory performance of the three radiomics models was achieved in both the training and the validation groups (Training: AUC: CT: 0.909, PET: 0.949, ComModel: 0.973; Validation: AUC: CT: 0.897, PET: 0.929, ComModel: 0.948). Moreover, the PET model and ComModel showed significant improvement in diagnostic performance between the two groups compared to the human expert (Training: P = 0.01 and P = 0.001; Validation: P = 0.018 and P = 0.033), and no statistical difference was observed between the CT model and human experts (P = 0.187 and P = 0.229, respectively).ConclusionThe radiomics model constructed based on 18F-FDG PET/CT images achieved satisfactory diagnostic performance for the classification of MM and bone metastases. In addition, the radiomics model showed significant improvement in diagnostic performance compared to human experts and PET conventional parameter SUVmax.
| S-EPMC9058063 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in the diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastases (LM); however, some sub-centimeter lesions may be missed. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has a high sensitivity and may play a synergistic role with MRI in diagnosing spinal LM (SLM). We aimed to retrospectively evaluate the detection of SLM with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT (18F-FDG PET/CT) compared to that of whole spinal cord MRI in a single center.MethodsPatients with SLM who had undergone 18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI were enrolled. 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging findings were independently reviewed by 2 nuclear medicine physicians. 18F-FDG PET/CT findings of SLMs were described. A consistency test was conducted to assess the patient-based diagnostic results obtained by the 2 physicians. Patient-based sensitivity, accuracy, and specificity in diagnosing SLM between 18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI of the whole spinal cord were compared using the chi-square or Fisher's exact test. A P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was obtained to assess the diagnostic performance of maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) to diagnose SLM.ResultsA total of 16 patients with SLM were included in this study from October 2010 to April 2022. The primary tumor involved the lungs, liver, ovaries, prostate, esophagus, and unknown primary site. The mean age of patients, including 13 males and 3 females, was 57.8±11.2 (range, 34-73) years. Of 16 patients with SLM, 10 had nodular diseases, 2 had linear diseases, and 4 had mixed diseases. The kappa value of the consistency test of the 2 radiologists' diagnostic results was 0.765. The patient-based sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosing SLM were 87.5%, 89.2%, and 88.7%, respectively and those of whole spinal cord MRI were 75.0%, 100.0%, and 92.5%, respectively. There were no significant differences in sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy between the 2 methods, with P values of 0.654, 0.115, and 0.506, respectively. However, more nodular diseases were observed on PET/CT. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the prediction of SLM by SUVmax was 0.907 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.831-0.983]. When SUVmax ≥2.45, the Youden index was the largest, and the sensitivity and specificity were 89.3% and 75.7%, respectively.Conclusions18F-FDG PET/CT is a good choice of imaging modality for assessing SLM. In the diagnosis of SLMs, PET/CT and enhanced MRI can play a better synergistic role.
| S-EPMC10585555 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Whole-body bone scintigraphy (WBBS) and MRI are widely used in assessment of patients with synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome. However, the value of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) in SAPHO syndrome was unclear. The aim of this study was to characterize the manifestation of SAPHO syndrome on 18F-FDG PET/CT and explore its relationship with clinical symptoms and WBBS.Twenty-six patients who suffered from SAPHO syndrome and had undergone whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT were recruited in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2004 to 2016. Clinical manifestations and laboratory findings were recorded for all patients. Imaging data on 18F-FDG PET/CT and WBBS were collected and analyzed retrospectively.All the 26 patients (20 females and 6 males) exhibited skeletal abnormalities on 18F-FDG PET/CT. Multiple skeletal lesions affecting the anterior chest wall or spine with low to moderate 18F-FDG uptake and coexistence of osteolysis and osteosclerosis presented as the typical features of SAPHO syndrome. Sixteen (61.5%) patients had abnormal 18F-FDG uptake outside the osteoarticular system. PET scan had moderate to substantial agreement with CT and WBBS in revealing lesions in the anterior chest wall and axial skeleton. Nonetheless, the correlation between increased 18F-FDG uptake and clinical symptoms was weak.SAPHO syndrome exhibits characteristic features on 18F-FDG PET/CT. It showed comparable capacity in revealing skeletal lesions with bone scintigraphy.
| S-EPMC5964683 | biostudies-other
Project description:PurposeFDG PET/CT has been of increasing interest in the diagnostic workup of prosthetic heart valve endocarditis (PVE). Some reports advocate later imaging time points to improve the diagnostic accuracy for PVE. In this study, we compared standard and late FDG PET/CT images in patients with a clinical suspicion of PVE.Materials and methodsFourteen scans in 13 patients referred for FDG PET/CT for suspicion of PVE performed at standard (60 min post injection) and late (150 min post injection) time points were scored based on visual interpretation and semi-quantitatively with SUVmax and target-to-background ratio (TBR, defined as [SUVmax valve/SUVmean blood pool]). Final diagnosis was based on surgical findings in all cases of infection (n = 6) and unremarkable follow-up in all others (n = 8).ResultsLate images were more prone to false positive interpretation for both visual and semi-quantitative analyses. Visual analysis of the standard images yielded 1 false negative and 1 false positive result. On the late images, no scans were false negative but 5 scans were false positive.ConclusionLate FDG PET/CT imaging for PVE seems prone to false positive results. Therefore, late imaging should be interpreted with caution.
| S-EPMC6280957 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe detection of occult bone metastases is a key factor in determining the management of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), especially when curative surgery is considered. This prospective study assessed the sensitivity of (18)F-labelled sodium fluoride in conjunction with positron emission tomography/computed tomography ((18)F-NaF PET/CT) for detecting RCC bone metastases, compared with conventional imaging by bone scintigraphy or CT.Patients and methodsAn adaptive two-stage trial design was utilized, which was stopped after the first stage due to statistical efficacy. Ten patients with stage IV RCC and bone metastases were imaged with (18)F-NaF PET/CT and (99m)Tc-labelled methylene diphosphonate ((99m)Tc-MDP) bone scintigraphy including pelvic single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Images were reported independently by experienced radiologists and nuclear medicine physicians using a 5-point scoring system.ResultsSeventy-seven lesions were diagnosed as malignant: 100% were identified by (18)F-NaF PET/CT, 46% by CT and 29% by bone scintigraphy/SPECT. Standard-of-care imaging with CT and bone scintigraphy identified 65% of the metastases reported by (18)F-NaF PET/CT. On an individual patient basis, (18)F-NaF PET/CT detected more RCC metastases than (99m)Tc-MDP bone scintigraphy/SPECT or CT alone (P = 0.007). The metabolic volumes, mean and maximum standardized uptake values (SUV mean and SUV max) of the malignant lesions were significantly greater than those of the benign lesions (P < 0.001).Conclusions(18)F-NaF PET/CT is significantly more sensitive at detecting RCC skeletal metastases than conventional bone scintigraphy or CT. The detection of occult bone metastases could greatly alter patient management, particularly in the context when standard-of-care imaging is negative for skeletal metastases.
| S-EPMC4576907 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PURPOSE:To investigate the added value and diagnostic accuracy of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT versus bone scintigraphy (BS) for bone metastasis detection at the primary staging of prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS:Inclusion criteria involved consecutive patients with newly diagnosed intermediate- to high-risk PCa, who had undergone BS, mostly with supplementary SPECT/low-dose CT, and 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT within less than 3 months without therapy initiation between the two investigations. BS was evaluated according to clinical routine and reported as no bone metastases (M0), bone metastases (M1), or equivocal (Me). The 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT was blindly evaluated by three specialists as M0, M1, or Me at the patient level. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using a "best valuable comparator" using all available imaging and clinical follow-up as a reference. RESULTS:In total, 112 patients were included; 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT showed a sensitivity of 1.00, specificity of 0.93-0.96, positive predictive value of 0.74-0.81, and negative predictive value of 1.00. 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT revealed bone metastases in 8 of 81 patients with M0 disease according to BS. 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT confirmed the presence of bone metastases in all patients (n = 9) with M1 disease according to BS. In patients with Me by BS, 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT provided a definite result in 20 of 22 patients. 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT resulted in a false-positive answer in four patients with solitary rib lesions. CONCLUSION:68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT revealed bone metastases in 10% of patients without bone metastases on BS and in 36% patients with indeterminate BS. However, solitary PSMA-avid lesions in the ribs should be interpreted cautiously as they may represent false-positive findings.
| S-EPMC7142208 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesThis prospective study assessed the role of F-18-FDG-PET/CT in clinical staging for patients with colorectal cancer planned for pulmonary metastasectomy by thoracotomy or video-assisted surgery.Patients and methodsIn addition to conventional imaging, we performed 86 F-18-FDG-PET/CT studies in 76 patients with potentially resectable metastatic colorectal lung metastases. We then investigated the effect that PET/CT had on further clinical management. Based on the results from the 47 thoracotomies performed, we compared the number of pulmonary metastases discovered after histologic examination with the number predicted by the conventional computed tomography (CT) as an independent part of the F-18-FDG-PET/CT examination and by the F-18-FDG-PET component.ResultsF-18-FDG-PET/CT led to changes in treatment regime and diagnostic planning in many patients. In five patients PET/CT revealed previously undetected local recurrence of the primary colorectal cancer, in four patients hepatic metastases, in three patients bone metastases, in two patients soft-tissue metastases, and in three patients histologically preoperatively proven N2 or N3 station lymph node involvement. These all constituted exclusion criteria, and consequently the previously planned pulmonary metastasectomy was not performed. The sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) for detection of pulmonary metastases were 84.2% and 36.4% for CT and 75.0% and 61.6% for F-18-FDG-PET study. The calculated sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of F-18-FDG-PET/CT for detecting thoracic lymph node involvement were 85.7%, 93.0%, 66.7%, and 97.5%, respectively. Furthermore, we found that F-18-FDG-PET/CT may predict thoracic lymph node involvement based on the SUV of pulmonary nodules.ConclusionsF-18-FDG-PET/CT has a clear role in the diagnostic workup for pulmonary metastatic colorectal cancer and may save patients from futile surgery. It cannot, however, be relied on to detect all possible pulmonary and nodal metastases, which surgeons must always consider when making treatment decisions.
| S-EPMC8826161 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the ability of 1) CT-derived bone lesion quality (classification of vertebral bone metastases [BM]) and 2) computed CT-measured volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) for evaluating the strength and stiffness of cadaver vertebrae from donors with metastatic spinal disease.MethodsForty-five thoracic and lumbar vertebrae were obtained from cadaver spines of 11 donors with breast, esophageal, kidney, lung, or prostate cancer. Each vertebra was imaged using microCT (21.4 μm), vBMD, and bone volume to total volume were computed, and compressive strength and stiffness experimentally measured. The microCT images were reconstructed at 1-mm voxel size to simulate axial and sagittal clinical CT images. Five expert clinicians blindly classified the images according to bone lesion quality (osteolytic, osteoblastic, mixed, or healthy). Fleiss' kappa test was used to test agreement among 5 clinical raters for classifying bone lesion quality. Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA was used to test the difference in vertebral strength and stiffness based on bone lesion quality. Multivariable regression analysis was used to test the independent contribution of bone lesion quality, computed vBMD, age, gender, and race for predicting vertebral strength and stiffness.ResultsA low interrater agreement was found for bone lesion quality (κ = 0.19). Although the osteoblastic vertebrae showed significantly higher strength than osteolytic vertebrae (p = 0.0148), the multivariable analysis showed that bone lesion quality explained 19% of the variability in vertebral strength and 13% in vertebral stiffness. The computed vBMD explained 75% of vertebral strength (p < 0.0001) and 48% of stiffness (p < 0.0001) variability. The type of BM affected vBMD-based estimates of vertebral strength, explaining 75% of strength variability in osteoblastic vertebrae (R2 = 0.75, p < 0.0001) but only 41% in vertebrae with mixed bone metastasis (R2 = 0.41, p = 0.0168), and 39% in osteolytic vertebrae (R2 = 0.39, p = 0.0381). For vertebral stiffness, vBMD was only associated with that of osteoblastic vertebrae (R2 = 0.44, p = 0.0024). Age and race inconsistently affected the model's strength and stiffness predictions.ConclusionsPathologic vertebral fracture occurs when the metastatic lesion degrades vertebral strength, rendering it unable to carry daily loads. This study demonstrated the limitation of qualitative clinical classification of bone lesion quality for predicting pathologic vertebral strength and stiffness. Computed CT-derived vBMD more reliably estimated vertebral strength and stiffness. Replacing the qualitative clinical classification with computed vBMD estimates may improve the prediction of vertebral fracture risk.
| S-EPMC9210826 | biostudies-literature