Dataset on human rights awareness in Northwest Nigeria
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Balarabe K
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8601984 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Background:The global development community has increasingly come to frame preventable maternal mortality and morbidity principally as a violation of women's basic human rights, necessitating a human rights-based approach to be appropriately addressed. In this article, we explore how human rights are understood and perceived in relation to maternal health at the local level in rural Bangladesh. This is essential given the momentum at the global level to promote rights and apply rights-based approaches to maternal health. Methods:A community-based, cross-sectional household survey was conducted in three upazilas (sub-districts) of Brahmanbaria district, Bangladesh in 2018. A total of 1367 women with a birth outcome in the past 12 months were interviewed. Descriptive statistics were used to report the awareness and perceptions of human rights related to maternal health. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify the associations between awareness and perceptions of human rights and background characteristics and, finally, with the use of skilled maternal health services. Results:Over two-thirds of women reported that they were aware that women have human rights related to maternal health. However, less than 10% were able to mention at least three specific human rights related to maternal health. Half of the women mentioned husbands as duty-bearers, while only 20% mentioned the government as a duty-bearer. One-third of women reported that they are able to realize their rights related to maternal health satisfactorily. Awareness and perceptions of human rights related to maternal health were significantly associated with higher educational attainment and wealth status. They were also associated with increased use of antenatal care. Conclusions:These findings suggest that interventions promoting the awareness of human rights related to maternal health would be appropriate within the communities of rural Bangladesh as part of a broader human rights-based approach to improving maternal health.
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Project description:BackgroundPatient's rights law is intended to secure good medical practice, but it can also serve to improve understanding between patients and medical staff if both were aware of their rights.MethodsAwareness and practice of the new patient's rights law in Lithuanian health care institutions was explored through a survey of 255 medical staff and 451 patients in the four Kaunas city medical units in 2002. Participation rates were 74% and 66%, respectively.ResultsMajority of the medical staff (85%) and little over one half of the patients (56%) had heard or read about the Law on Patient's Rights (p < 0.001). Only 50% of professionals compared to 69% of patients thought information for patients about diagnosis, treatment results and alternative treatments is necessary (p < 0.001). A clear discrepancy was indicated between physicians informing the patients (80%-98% of physicians) and patients actually knowing (37%-54%) their treatment prognosis, disease complications or possible alternative treatment methods.ConclusionThese results suggest a need for awareness-raising among patients to improve the practical implementation of the Patient's Rights Law in Lithuania.
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Project description:Background:Noma, a rapidly progressing infection of the oral cavity, mainly affects children. The true burden is unknown. This study reports estimated noma prevalence in children in northwest Nigeria. Methods:Oral screening was performed on all ?15?year olds, with caretaker consent, in selected households during this cross-sectional survey. Noma stages were classified using WHO criteria and caretakers answered survey questions. The prevalence of noma was estimated stratified by age group (0-5 and 6-15 years). Factors associated with noma were estimated using logistic regression. Results:A total of 177 clusters, 3499 households and 7122 children were included. In this sample, 4239 (59.8%) were 0-5 years and 3692 (52.1%) were female. Simple gingivitis was identified in 3.1% (n=181; 95% CI 2.6 to 3.8), acute necrotising gingivitis in 0.1% (n=10; CI 0.1 to 0.3) and oedema in 0.05% (n=3; CI 0.02 to 0.2). No cases of late-stage noma were detected. Multivariable analysis in the group aged 0-5?years showed having a well as the drinking water source (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.1; CI 1.2 to 3.6) and being aged 3-5 years (aOR 3.9; CI 2.1 to 7.8) was associated with being a noma case. In 6-15?year olds, being male (aOR 1.5; CI 1.0 to 2.2) was associated with being a noma case and preparing pap once or more per week (aOR 0.4; CI 0.2 to 0.8) was associated with not having noma. We estimated that 129120 (CI 105294 to 1?52 947) individuals <15 years of age would have any stage of noma at the time of the survey within the two states. Most of these cases (93%; n=120 082) would be children with simple gingivitis. Conclusions:Our study identified a high prevalence of children at risk of developing advanced noma. This disease is important but neglected and therefore merits inclusion in the WHO neglected tropical diseases list.
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Project description:We introduce and make publicly available a large corpus of digitized primary source human rights documents which are published annually by monitoring agencies that include Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, the Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, and the United States Department of State. In addition to the digitized text, we also make available and describe document-term matrices, which are datasets that systematically organize the word counts from each unique document by each unique term within the corpus of human rights documents. To contextualize the importance of this corpus, we describe the development of coding procedures in the human rights community and several existing categorical indicators that have been created by human coding of the human rights documents contained in the corpus. We then discuss how the new human rights corpus and the existing human rights datasets can be used with a variety of statistical analyses and machine learning algorithms to help scholars understand how human rights practices and reporting have evolved over time. We close with a discussion of our plans for dataset maintenance, updating, and availability.
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Project description:The law and the economy are deeply influenced by horizontal property rights, which are the rules regulating legal direct and indirect takings between private parties. To foster research on the determinants and impact of these institutions, we illustrate here a novel data set partially employed in (Dari-Mattiacci, Giuseppe, Carmine Guerriero, 2015; Dari-Mattiacci, Giuseppe, Carmine Guerriero, Zhenxing Huang, 2016) [3], [4], and (Guerriero Carmine, 2016) [6] and describing the acquisition of ownership through adverse possession of personal and real property and the use of government takings to transfer real property from a private party to another private party in 126 jurisdictions. These data are based on the laws and judicial decisions prevailing in each jurisdiction between 1981 and 2011.
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Project description:The supplementary dataset presented in this paper was used to measure the level of cybersecurity awareness of cybercrime in Saudi Arabia, presented in detail in [1]. The data were collected during the period of August to October of 2019. The dissemination process took place via an online questionnaire. The survey has four main parts: Personal and skill information (10 questions), Cybersecurity Activities (7 questions), Cybercrime Consciousness (8 questions), and Case Reports (6 questions). Two protocols were employed to recruit participants: subject must be of Saudi nationality and older than 18 years old. A combination of purposive and snowball techniques was utilized to collect respondents via university emails from 27 Saudi universities and WhatsApp messages to people meeting the requirements, gathering a total of 1230 responses. The data can be used to inform responsible authorities in Saudi Arabia about their roles in solving anticipated problems, as well as raising the awareness through programs, training, and short courses.
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Project description:In this data article, analysis of surface refractivity and water vapour density in Southeast, Nigeria were reported. The meteorological data were collected for the period of 39 years between 1973 and 2012 from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climatology Centre. Five locations considered in the study area includes: Enugu, Onitsha, Abakaliki, Aba and Ihiala. Descriptive statistics were used to show an increase in monthly variation of refractivity of about 299.8 N units at Enugu in January to peak value of about 385.81 N units at Abakaliki in May. Hence, the seasonal variation for South East indicate maximum value within the months of March to May in the rainy season and a minimum value around December to February which is the dry season. The results from this data will help engineers in proper design and planning of radiowave propagation and satellite communication systems in southeastern, Nigeria.
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Project description:BackgroundIn 1948 the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was drawn up. The content of this document was further reflected two treaties, the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. To try to maintain the interrelationship between the rights contained in each document, the idea that all rights are interdependent and indivisible was stressed. Based on this vision, this study aimed to explore the extent to which the violation of the human rights to water and sanitation interferes with the guarantee of other rights, addressing the principles of interdependence and indivisibility.MethodsFor that, 24 homeless, in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, were interviewed. Individual and group interviews were carried out in addition to participant observation. The content analysis was used in order to analyze the data collected.ResultsThe research found that violation of the rights to water and sanitation promotes violation of other rights, such as health and education rights, strengthening the view of rights' interdependence and indivisibility.ConclusionIt is important to affirm that the protection of human rights must be consolidated at an operational and normative level, aligned to concepts of indivisibility and interdependence as it has been proposed for approximately seven decades.
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