Biocompatible graphene-zirconia nanocomposite as a cyto-safe immunosensor for the rapid detection of carcinoembryonic antigen
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Lin L
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8602324 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Because of their large surface area and conductivity, some inorganic materials have emerged as good candidates for the trace-level detection of pharmaceutical drugs. In the present work, we demonstrate the detection of an anticancer drug (regorafenib, REG) by using an electrochemical sensor based on a nanocomposite material. We synthesized a zirconia-nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide composite (ZrO2/rGO) using a one-pot hydrothermal method. Reduction of the graphene oxide supports of the Zr2+ ions with hydrazine hydrate helped in preventing the agglomeration of the zirconia nanoparticles and in obtaining an excellent electrocatalytic response of the nanostructure ZrO2/rGO-based electrochemical sensor. Structural and morphological characterization of the nanostructure ZrO2/rGO was performed using various analytical methods. A novel regorafenib (REG) electrochemical sensor was fabricated by immobilizing the as-prepared nanostructure ZrO2/rGO on to a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The resulting ZrO2/rGO/GCE could be used for the rapid and selective determination of REG in the presence of ascorbic acid and uric acid. The ZrO2/rGO/GCE showed a linear response for the REG analysis in the dynamic range 11-343 nM, with a remarkable lower detection limit and limit of quantifications of 17 and 59 nM, respectively. The newly developed sensor was used for the accurate determination of REG in both serum samples and pharmaceutical formulations, with satisfactory results.
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Project description:An ultrasensitive label-free electrochemical immunosensor was developed for hepatitis C antibodies (anti-HCV). Worldwide, it is estimated 71 million people have HCV infection in a chronic stage that may lead to cirrose and cancer. To achieve HCV elimination, health programs should include screening testing based on anti-HCV detection allowing the early-stage treatment. The immunosensor was based on a graphene oxide-polypyrrole (PPy-GO) film one-step electropolymerized on the electrode surface. Ultrasensitive anti-HCV detection was ensured by HCV antigen conjugated to biotin that was immobilized in a great amount on streptavidin-coated nanostructured surface. Analytical responses were obtained by anodic peaks from the square wave voltammetry in the presence of ferrocyanide/ferricyanide as a redox probe. This immunosensor exhibited a linear range from 2 to 14 ng mL-1 of anti-HCV and a limit of detection in the clinical range (1.63 ng mL-1). Furthermore, the immunosensor presented an efficient performance for the determination of anti-HCV in spiked serum samples, becoming this developed nanosensor as potential tools for early HCV diagnosis and screening.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10853-022-06992-5.
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Project description:Rapid and highly sensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in blood could effectively improve the diagnostic sensitivity of colorectal cancer. In this work, a platinum microelectrode (PtμE) modified with gold nanoparticles was developed as a microsensor for the detection of CEA. As the recognition element, a CEA aptamer modified with sulfhydryl could be conjugated onto the surface of the PtμEs/Au. The quantitative analysis of the concentration of CEA [CEA] by the prepared PtμEs/Au aptasensor was carried out through square wave voltammetry. Under the optimized conditions, the PtμEs/Au aptasensor exhibits a linear response toward [CEA] in the range of 1.0 × 10-11-1.0 × 10-7 g/ml (S = 5.5 nA/dec, R 2 = 0.999), and the detection limit is 7.7 × 10-12 g/ml. The PtμEs/Au aptasensor also has good selectivity against other types of proteins existing in blood. The availability of the developed assay toward [CEA] in blood samples was investigated, and the results agreed well with those obtained through electrochemiluminescence provided by the hospital, and the volume of the blood sample for detection is only 20 μl. Herein, the proposed detection system could be used for the quantitative analysis of CEA in blood, with the advantages of high sensitivity, short time, and low cost. Moreover, the PtμEs/Au aptasensor has a potential application in clinical diagnosis.
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Project description:A label-free impedimetric immunosensor based on N, S-graphene quantum dots@Au-polyaniline (N, S-GQDs@Au-PANI) nanowires was fabricated for the quantitative detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The N, S-GQDs and Au-PANI were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal pyrolysis and interfacial polymerization, respectively. Subsequently, 2-9 nm N, S-GQDs are successfully decorated onto 30-50 nm Au-PANI nanowires by Au-thiol linkage to serve as the bifunctional probe for amplifying the electrochemical activity as well as anchoring anti-CEA. The N, S-GQDs@Au-PANI nanowires are excellent conducting materials to accelerate the electron transfer, while the formation of CEA antibody-antigen bioconjugates after the addition of CEA significantly increase the charge transfer resistance, and subsequently provides a highly stable and label-free immunoassay platform for the impedimetric detection of CEA. The label-free immunosensor exhibits a wide linear range from 0.5 to 1000 ng mL-1 with a low detection limit of 0.01 ng mL-1. The N, S-GQDs@Au-PANI based immunosensor also shows high selectivity and stability over other cancer makers and amino acids. Moreover, this promising platform is successfully applied to the detection of CEA in human serum samples with excellent recovery of (96.0 ± 2.6)-(103 ± 3.8)%. These results clearly demonstrate a newly developed highly efficient and label-free impedimetric immunosensor for the detection of CEA using N, S-GQDs@Au-PANI nanowires as the biosensing probe, which can pave the gateway for the fabrication of high performance and robust impedimetric immunosensor to detect cancer makers in early stage of cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Project description:A novel label-free electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor based on luminol functional-Au NPs@polypyrrole has been developed for the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). In this work, polypyrrole prepared by chemical polymerization provided a large surface area to load amounts of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). Au NPs could not only attach abundant luminol for the enhancement of ECL signal, but also provide a friendly microenvironment for the immobilization of antibodies. Moreover, 1-butylpyridinium tetrafluroborate ([BPy]BF4) were used to disperse luminol functional-Au NPs@polypyrrole nanocomposites, resulting in the film-formation of composites on the electrode, which could improve the stability of immunosensor. In particular, employment of single-step cycle pulse could limit the consecutive reaction between luminol and H2O2 efficiently, thus leading to stable and strong signals. The proposed method presents good ECL response for the detection of CEA allowing a wide linear range from 0.01?pg/mL to 10?ng/mL and a limit of detection as low as 3?fg/mL. The immunosensor would be a promising tool in the early diagnosis of CEA due to its high sensitivity, simplicity and cost-effective.
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Project description:Multiple strategies have been employed to improve the performance of label-free immunosensors, among which building highly conductive interfaces and introducing suitable biocompatible carriers for immobilizing antibodies or antigens are believed to be efficient in most cases. Inspired by this, a label-free immunosensor for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) detection was constructed by assembling AuNPs and β-CD (Au-β-CD) on the surface of FTO modified with PANI-decorated f-MXene (MXene@PANI). Driven by the high electron conductivity of MXene@PANI and the excellent capability of Au-β-CD for antibody immobilization, the BSA/anti-CEA/Au-β-CD/MXene@PANI/FTO immunosensor exhibits balanced performance towards CEA detection, with a practical linear range of 0.5-350 ng/mL and a low detection limit of 0.0429 ng/mL. Meanwhile, the proposed sensor presents satisfying selectivity, repeatability, and stability, as well as feasibility in clinic serum samples. This work would enlighten the prospective research on the alternative strategies in constructing advanced immunosensors.
| S-EPMC9405772 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was used as the model, an ultrasensitive label-free photoelectrochemical immunosensor was developed using 2D TiO2 nanosheets and carboxylated graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as photoactive materials and ascorbic acid as an efficient electron donor. 2D TiO2 nanosheets was sythsized by surfactant self-assembly method and proved to have higher photoelectrochemical signals than TiO2 nanoparticles. Firstly, carboxylated g-C3N4 could be attached to 2D TiO2 nanosheets through the bond formed between carboxyl group of carboxylated g-C3N4 and TiO2. And the photocurrent of g-C3N4/TiO2 drastically enhances compared to carboxylated g-C3N4 and TiO2. Then, antibody of CEA was bonded to TiO2 through the dentate bond formed between carboxyl group of anti-CEA and TiO2, leading to the decrease of the photocurrents. As proven by PEC experiments and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis, the fabrication process of the immunosensor is successful. Under the optimal conditions, the intensity decreased linearly with CEA concentration in the range of 0.01~10 ng/mL. The detection limit is 2.1 pg/mL. The work provides an effective method for the detection of tumor markers and can be extended for the application in food safety and environmental monitoring analysis.
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Project description:An electrochemical immunosensor based on poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite was designed in a simple way for the ultrasensitive detection of tumor makers (alpha-fetoprotein, AFP as a model). PHEMA with excellent biocompatibility, provides a large number of sites for connecting signal molecules. After modification with signal molecules, the functional PHEMA significantly improved the sensitivity of electrochemical detection. In order to immobilize antibodies, GO was introduced and used to construct a nanocomposite as a substrate. The designed AFP immunosensor showed favorable selectivity and excellent stability. Meanwhile, it has a low detection limit of 0.403 pg mL-1. Furthermore, the immunosensor was used to detect target AFP in human serum, demonstrating the feasibility of clinical diagnosis.
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Project description:The development of immunosensors to detect antibodies or antigens has stood out in the face of traditional methods for diagnosing emerging diseases such as the one caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The present study reports the construction of a simplified electrochemical immunosensor using a graphene-binding peptide applied as a recognition site to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. A screen-printed electrode was used for sensor preparation by adding a solution of peptide and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The peptide-rGO suspension was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The electrochemical characterization (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy-EIS, cyclic voltammetry-CV and differential pulse voltammetry-DPV) was performed on the modified electrode. The immunosensor response is based on the decrease in the faradaic signal of an electrochemical probe resulting from immunocomplex formation. Using the best set of experimental conditions, the analytic curve obtained showed a good linear regression (r2 = 0.913) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.77 μg mL-1 for antibody detection. The CV and EIS results proved the efficiency of device assembly. The high selectivity of the platform, which can be attributed to the peptide, was demonstrated by the decrease in the current percentage for samples with antibody against the SARS-CoV-2 S protein and the increase in the other antibodies tested. Additionally, the DPV measurements showed a clearly distinguishable response in assays against human serum samples, with sera with a response above 95% being considered negative, whereas responses below this value were considered positive. The diagnostic platform developed with specific peptides is promising and has the potential for application in the diagnosis of other infections that lead to high antibody titers.
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Project description:As a tumor marker, carbohydrate antigen 24-2 (CA242) is a highly accurate and specific diagnostic indicator for monitoring pancreatic and colorectal cancers. The goal of this study was to create a novel label-free electrochemical immunosensor using a nanocomposite glassy carbon electrode for the detection of CA242. Graphene oxide (GO) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone were chosen as the dopants for the preparation of a high-performance reduced-GO-gold-palladium (rGO-Au-Pd) nanocomposite. RGO-Au-Pd was characterized using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, revealing that the material exhibited superior electrochemical redox activity and electron transfer ability. The effects of the synthesis method, material concentration, reduction cycle, and pH were investigated to optimize the performance of the immunosensor. As a result of the catalytic activity and biocompatibility of rGO-Au-Pd, the prepared CA242 immunosensor displayed a wide linear range of detection from 0.001 U/mL to 10,000 U/mL with a detection limit of 1.54 × 10-3 U/mL and a sensitivity of 4.24 ?A (log10CCA242)-1. More importantly, the immunosensor exhibited satisfactory reproducibility and selectivity when detected CA242 in PBS or human serum. The results of our study provide a platform for the development of novel bioassays for use in early cancer diagnosis and promote the application of biosensing technology in the medical field.
| S-EPMC6781068 | biostudies-literature