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Lactobacillus plantarum ZJUFB2 Prevents High Fat Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance in Association With Modulation of the Gut Microbiota.

ABSTRACT: Lactobacillus plantarum ZJUFB2 is a novel probiotic isolate derived from Chinese traditional sourdough that possesses promising probiotics properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of L. plantarum ZJUFB2 (B2) on insulin sensitivity using mice fed on a high-fat diet (HFD) as well as to explore the involved mechanisms. Purposely, male C57BL/6 mice continuously received an intervention of B2 (~10⁹ CFU/day) for 16 weeks. The results showed that B2 treatment remarkably ameliorated insulin resistance and hyperglycemia in HFD-fed mice. The B2 intervention significantly decreased the hepatic lipid accumulation, serum low-density lipoproteins cholesterol, and lipopolysaccharides, and regulated the bile acids levels as well as liver mRNA expression involved in lipid metabolism. Moreover, the B2 intervention significantly changed the gut microbiota, specifically, showed a lower abundance of obesity-related and inflammation-associated microbes, e.g., Ruminococcus and Mogibacteriaceae. Furthermore, it exhibited a higher abundance of short-chain fatty acids and bile salt hydrolas-producing bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium and F16 compared with the HFD group. The findings of this study suggested that B2 is a novel probiotic, effective in preventing insulin resistance by improving the gut microbiota and bile acids.

SUBMITTER: Zhong H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8604096 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:A triathlon is an extremely high-intensity exercise and a challenge for physiological adaptation. A triathlete's microbiome might be modulated by diet, age, medical treatments, lifestyle, and exercise, thereby maintaining aerobiosis and optimum health and performance. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics have been reported to have health-promoting activities (e.g., immunoregulation and cancer prevention). However, few studies have addressed how probiotics affect the microbiota of athletes and how this translates into functional activities. In our previous study, we found that Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 could ameliorate inflammation and oxidative stress, with improved exercise performance. Thus, here we investigate how the microbiota of triathletes are altered by L. plantarum PS128 supplementation, not only for exercise performance but also for possible physiological adaptation. The triathletes were assigned to two groups: an L. plantarum 128 supplement group (LG, 3 × 1010 colony-forming units (CFU)/day) and a placebo group (PG). Both groups continued with their regular exercise training for the next 4 weeks. The endurance performance, body composition, biochemistries, blood cells, microbiota, and associated metabolites were further investigated. PS128 significantly increased the athletes' endurance, by about 130% as compared to the PG group, but there was no significant difference in maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and composition between groups. The PS128 supplementation (LG) modulated the athlete's microbiota with both significant decreases (Anaerotruncus, Caproiciproducens, Coprobacillus, Desulfovibrio, Dielma, Family_XIII, Holdemania, and Oxalobacter) and increases (Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, Butyricimonas, and Lactobacillus), and the LG showed lower diversity when compared to the PG. Also, the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs; acetate, propionate, and butyrate) of the LG were significantly higher than the PG, which might be a result of a modulation of the associated microbiota. In conclusion, PS128 supplementation was associated with an improvement on endurance running performance through microbiota modulation and related metabolites, but not in maximal oxygen uptake.

Project description:BackgroundObesity has become a global epidemic recognized by the World Health Organization. Probiotics supplementation has been shown to contribute to improve lipid metabolism. However, mechanisms of action of probiotics against obesity are still not clear. Lactobacillus plantarum FRT4, a probiotic previously isolated from a kind of local yogurt, had good acid and bile salt tolerance and lowered cholesterol in vitro.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of L. plantarum FRT4 on serum and liver lipid profile, liver metabolomics, and gut microbiota in mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD).DesignMice were fed with either normal diet or HFD for 16 weeks and administered 0.2 mL of 1 × 109 or 1 × 1010 CFU/mL dosage of L. plantarum FRT4 during the last 8 weeks of the diet. Cecal contents were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Hepatic gene expression and metabolites were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and metabolomics, respectively.ResultsL. plantarum FRT4 intervention significantly reduced the HFD-induced body weight gain, liver weight, fat weight, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in the liver (P < 0.05). Liver metabolomics demonstrated that the HFD increased choline, glycerophosphocholine, and phosphorylcholine involved in the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway. All these changes were reversed by FRT4 treatment, bringing the levels close to those in the control group. Further mechanisms showed that FRT4 favorably regulated gut barrier function and pro-inflammatory biomediators. Furthermore, FRT4 intervention altered the gut microbiota profiles and increased microbial diversity. The relative abundances of Bacteroides, Parabateroides, Anaerotruncus, Alistipes, Intestinimonas, Butyicicoccus, and Butyricimonas were significantly upregulated. Finally, Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that several specific genera were strongly correlated with glycerophospholipid metabolites (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThese findings suggested that L. plantarum FRT4 had beneficial effects against obesity in HFD-induced obese mice and can be used as a potential functional food for the prevention of obesity.

Project description:Background:Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been linked to obesity-associated chronic inflammation. Microbiota manipulation may therefore affect obesity-related comorbidities. Blueberries are rich in anthocyanins, which have anti-inflammatory properties and may alter the gut microbiota. Objective:We hypothesized that blueberry supplementation would alter the gut microbiota, reduce systemic inflammation, and improve insulin resistance in high-fat (HF)-diet-fed rats. Methods:Twenty-four male Wistar rats (260-270 g; n = 8/group) were fed low-fat (LF; 10% fat), HF (45% fat), or HF with 10% by weight blueberry powder (HF_BB) diets for 8 wk. LF rats were fed ad libitum, whereas HF and HF_BB rats were pair-fed with diets matched for fiber and sugar contents. Glucose tolerance, microbiota composition (16S ribosomal RNA sequencing), intestinal integrity [villus height, gene expression of mucin 2 (Muc2) and ?-defensin 2 (Defb2)], and inflammation (gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines) were assessed. Results:Blueberry altered microbiota composition with an increase in Gammaproteobacteria abundance (P < 0.001) compared with LF and HF rats. HF feeding led to an ?15% decrease in ileal villus height compared with LF rats (P < 0.05), which was restored by blueberry supplementation. Ileal gene expression of Muc2 was ?150% higher in HF_BB rats compared with HF rats (P < 0.05), with expression in the LF group not being different from that in either the HF or HF_BB groups. Tumor necrosis factor ? (Tnfa) and interleukin 1? (Il1b) gene expression in visceral fat was increased by HF feeding when compared with the LF group (by 300% and 500%, respectively; P < 0.05) and normalized by blueberry supplementation. Finally, blueberry improved markers of insulin sensitivity. Hepatic insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) phosphorylation at serine 307:IRS1 ratio was ?35% higher in HF rats compared with LF rats (P < 0.05) and HF_BB rats. Conclusion:In HF-diet-fed male rats, blueberry supplementation led to compositional changes in the gut microbiota associated with improvements in systemic inflammation and insulin signaling.

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Lactobacillus plantarum ZJUFB2 Prevents High Fat Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance in Association With Modulation of the Gut Microbiota.

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