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Breaking down barriers on PV trade will facilitate global carbon mitigation.

ABSTRACT: The global trade of solar photovoltaic (PV) products substantially contributes to increases in solar power generation and carbon emissions reductions. This paper depicts global PV product trade patterns, explores emissions reduction potential, and evaluates the impeding effect of tariff barriers on global PV product trade and emissions reductions. Solar power generation will result in a reduction of emissions in a range of 50-180 gigatons of carbon dioxide equivalent (GtCO₂e) between 2017 and 2060 in a business as usual (BAU) scenario. Compared with BAU, during 2017-2060, global total solar cell and module production and installation will increase by roughly 750 gigawatts (GW) if half of the status quo trade barrier are removed, while it will decrease by 160-370 GW under tensioned trade barrier scenarios. Trade barrier reduction by half from the 2017 status quo level will increase the net carbon emissions mitigation potential by 4-12 GtCO₂e by 2060, while extra trade barrier imposition will result in global net carbon emissions mitigation potential decreasing by up to 3-4 GtCO₂e by 2060. Well-coordinated policy and institutional reforms are recommended to facilitate PV product trade and to deliver the related global environmental benefits.

SUBMITTER: Wang M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8613243 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Breaking down barriers on PV trade will facilitate global carbon mitigation.

Wang Mudan M Mao Xianqiang X Xing Youkai Y Lu Jianhong J Song Peng P Liu Zhengyan Z Guo Zhi Z Tu Kevin K Zusman Eric E

Nature communications 20211124 1

The global trade of solar photovoltaic (PV) products substantially contributes to increases in solar power generation and carbon emissions reductions. This paper depicts global PV product trade patterns, explores emissions reduction potential, and evaluates the impeding effect of tariff barriers on global PV product trade and emissions reductions. Solar power generation will result in a reduction of emissions in a range of 50-180 gigatons of carbon dioxide equivalent (GtCO<sub>2</sub>e) between ...[more]

PMID: 34819496

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Project description:BackgroundMalaysia is widely credited to have achieved universal health coverage for citizens. However, the accessibility of healthcare services to migrant workers is questionable. Recently, medical fees for foreigners at public facilities were substantially increased. Mandatory health insurance only covers public hospital admissions and excludes undocumented migrants. This study explores barriers to healthcare access faced by documented and undocumented migrant workers in Malaysia.MethodsWe use qualitative data from 17 in-depth interviews conducted with key informants from civil society organisations, trade unions, academia, medical professionals, as well as migrant workers and their representatives. We interviewed doctors working in public hospitals and private clinics frequented by migrants. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsWe found that healthcare services in Malaysia are often inaccessible to migrant workers. Complex access barriers were identified, many beyond the control of the health sector. Major themes include affordability and financial constraints, the need for legal documents like valid passports and work permits, language barriers, discrimination and xenophobia, physical inaccessibility and employer-related barriers. Our study suggests that government mandated insurance for migrant workers is insufficient in view of the recent increase in medical fees. The perceived close working relationship between the ministries of health and immigration effectively excludes undocumented migrants from access to public healthcare facilities. Language barriers may affect the quality of care received by migrant workers, by inadvertently resulting in medical errors, while preventing them from giving truly informed consent.ConclusionsWe propose instituting migrant-friendly health services at public facilities. We also suggest implementing a comprehensive health insurance to enable healthcare access and financial risk protection for all migrant workers. Non-health sector solutions include the formation of a multi-stakeholder migration management body towards a comprehensive national policy on labour migration which includes health.

Project description:BackgroundEvery month, around 3800 people complete an anonymous self-test for suicidal thoughts on the website of the Dutch suicide prevention helpline. Although 70% score high on the severity of suicidal thoughts, <10% navigate to the web page about contacting the helpline.ObjectiveThis study aimed to test the effectiveness of a brief barrier reduction intervention (BRI) in motivating people with severe suicidal thoughts to contact the suicide prevention helpline, specifically in high-risk groups such as men and middle-aged people.MethodsWe conducted a fully automated, web-based, randomized controlled trial. Respondents with severe suicidal thoughts and little motivation to contact the helpline were randomly allocated either to a brief BRI, in which they received a short, tailored message based on their self-reported barrier to the helpline (n=610), or a general advisory text (care as usual as the control group: n=612). Effectiveness was evaluated using both behavioral and attitudinal measurements. The primary outcome measure was the use of a direct link to contact the helpline after completing the intervention or control condition. Secondary outcomes were the self-reported likelihood of contacting the helpline and satisfaction with the received self-test.ResultsIn total, 2124 website visitors completed the Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scale and the demographic questions in the entry screening questionnaire. Among them, 1222 were randomized into the intervention or control group. Eventually, 772 respondents completed the randomized controlled trial (intervention group: n=369; control group: n=403). The most selected barrier in both groups was "I don't think that my problems are serious enough." At the end of the trial, 33.1% (n=122) of the respondents in the intervention group used the direct link to the helpline. This was not significantly different from the respondents in the control group (144/403, 35.7%; odds ratio 0.87, 95% CI 0.64-1.18, P=.38). However, the respondents who received the BRI did score higher on their self-reported likelihood of contacting the helpline at a later point in time (B=0.22, 95% CI 0.12-0.32, P≤.001) and on satisfaction with the self-test (B=0.27, 95% CI 0.01-0.53, P=.04). For male and middle-aged respondents specifically, the results were comparable to that of the whole group.ConclusionsThis trial was the first time the helpline was able to connect with high-risk website visitors who were hesitant to contact the helpline. Although the BRI could not ensure that those respondents immediately used the direct link to the helpline at the end of the trial, it is encouraging that respondents indicated that they were more likely to contact the helpline at a later point in time. In addition, this low-cost intervention provided greater insight into the perceived barriers to service. Follow-up research should be focused on identifying the added value of other components (eg, video or photo material) in the BRI and increasing its effectiveness, especially for men and middle-aged people.

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Breaking down barriers on PV trade will facilitate global carbon mitigation.

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Breaking down barriers on PV trade will facilitate global carbon mitigation.

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