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NLRP3 inflammasome activation in COVID-19: an interlink between risk factors and disease severity.

ABSTRACT: NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical immune component that plays a crucial role in mounting innate immune responses. The deleterious effects of inflammasome activation have been correlated with the COVID-19 disease severity. In the presence of several underlying disorders, the immune components of our bodies are dysregulated, creating conditions that could adversely affect us other than providing a required level of protection. In this review, we focused on the occurrence of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in response to SARS-COV-2 infection, dysregulation of NLRP3 activation events in the presence of several comorbidities, the contribution of activated NLRP3 inflammasome to the severity of COVID-19, and available therapeutics for the treatment of such NLRP3 inflammasome related diseases based on current knowledge. The primed state of immunity in individuals with comorbidities (risk factors) could accelerate many deaths and severe COVID-19 cases via activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and the release of downstream inflammatory molecules. Therefore, a detailed understanding of the host-pathogen interaction is needed to clarify the pathophysiology and select a potential therapeutic approach.

SUBMITTER: Amin S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8613976 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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NLRP3 Inflammasome: The Stormy Link Between Obesity and COVID-19.

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Innate immunity but not NLRP3 inflammasome activation correlates with severity of stable COPD.

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Project description:BackgroundCardiometabolic comorbidities have been associated with a higher risk of COVID-19 severity and mortality, but more investigations are needed to determine which comorbidity is more detrimental.MethodsEmbase, Emcare, and MEDLINE were searched systematically for prospective and retrospective studies assessing the associations of cardiometabolic risk factors and COVID-19 outcomes of hospitalization, severity, and mortality among COVID-19-diagnosed patients. Literature search was performed from first publication to May 19, 2021. Study quality was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.ResultsFrom the literature search, 301 studies suggested that all included cardiometabolic risk factors were associated with a higher risk of COVID-19 hospitalization, severity, and mortality, except that overweight was associated with a decreased risk of mortality (relative risk [RR] 0.88; 95% CI, 0.80-0.98). Patients with diabetes (RR 1.46; 95% CI, 1.45-1.47) were most likely to be hospitalized; patients with heart failure had the highest risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes (RR 1.89; 95% CI, 1.71-2.09); while patients with stroke were most susceptible to overall mortality (RR 1.99; 95% CI, 1.90-2.08). In the network meta-analysis, cerebrovascular disease had the highest impact (RR 1.69; 95% CI, 1.65-1.73) on COVID-19 outcomes compared to other cardiometabolic risk factors. For different combinations of risk factors, cardiovascular disease and diabetes combined (RR 6.98; 95% CI, 5.28-9.22) was more detrimental than others.ConclusionsConsidering the high prevalence of cardiometabolic comorbidities and risk of all severe outcomes, patients with cardiometabolic comorbidities should be prioritized in vaccination and treatment development of COVID-19.

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IL-11 induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation

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2023-06-21 | GSE233917 | GEO

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