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Accumulation and Effect of Silver Nanoparticles Functionalized with Spirulina platensis on Rats.

ABSTRACT: The effect of unmodified and functionalized Spirulina platensis biomass silver nanoparticles on rats during prolonged oral administration was assessed. Silver nanoparticles were characterized by using transmission electron microscopy, while their uptake by the biomass was confirmed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive analysis. The content of silver in the different organs of rats after a period of administration (28 days) or after an additional clearance period (28 days) was ascertained by using neutron activation analysis. In animals administrated with the unmodified nanoparticles, the highest content of silver was determined in the brain and kidneys, while in animals administrated with AgNP-Spirulina, silver was mainly accumulated in the brain and testicles. After the clearance period, silver was excreted rapidly from the spleen and kidneys; however, the excretion from the brain was very low, regardless of the type of nanoparticles. Hematological and biochemical tests were performed in order to reveal the effect of nanoparticles on rats. The difference in the content of eosinophils in the experimental and control groups was statistically significant. The hematological indices of the rats did not change significantly under the action of the silver nanoparticles except for the content of reticulocytes and eosinophils, which increased significantly. Changes in the biochemical parameters did not exceed the limits of normal values. Silver nanoparticles with the sizes of 8-20 nm can penetrate the blood-brain barrier, and their persistence after a period of clearance indicated the irreversibility of this process.

SUBMITTER: Rudi L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8620753 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundArthrospira platensis is farmed worldwide due to its nutrient-rich properties and provides multiple benefits to human health. However, the wide usage of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) causes pollution which may affect the nutritional quality of A. platensis. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the interaction and accumulation of Ag NPs on A. platensis, and determine the changes in biomass and nutritional value of A. platensis due to the exposure to Ag NPs.MethodsThe interaction and accumulation of Ag NPs on A. platensis were examined through Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The loss in biomass together with the macromolecules, pigments, and phenolic compounds of A. platensis was investigated upon treating with various concentrations of Ag NPs (5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 µg/mL) for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h.ResultsThe results showed that the treatment of A. platensis with Ag NPs caused a dose and time-dependent reduction in biomass, macronutrients, pigments and phenolic compounds. The highest detrimental effects were found at 96 h with the reported values of 65.71 ± 2.79%, 67.21 ± 3.98%, 48.99 ± 4.39% and 59.62 ± 3.96% reduction in biomass, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, respectively, along with 82.99 ± 7.81%, 67.55 ± 2.63%, 75.03 ± 1.55%, and 63.43 ± 2.89% loss in chlorophyll-a, carotenoids, C-phycocyanin, and total phenolic compounds of A. platensis for 100 µg/mL of Ag NPs. The EDX analysis confirmed the surface accumulation of Ag NPs on Arthrospira cells, while SEM images evidenced the surface alterations and damage of the treated cells. The functional groups such as hydroxyl, amine, methyl, amide I, amide II, carboxyl, carbonyl and phosphate groups from the cell wall of the A. platensis were identified to be possibly involved in the interaction of Ag NPs with A. platensis.ConclusionThe study confirmed that the exposure of Ag NPs is detrimental to A. platensis where the interaction and accumulation of Ag NPs on A. platensis caused reduction in biomass, macromolecules, pigments, and total phenolic compounds.

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Accumulation and Effect of Silver Nanoparticles Functionalized with Spirulina platensis on Rats.

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