Fortification of staple foods with zinc for improving zinc status and other health outcomes in the general population.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Shah D
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8627255 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC6917586 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Vitamin D deficiency is a global public health concern with significant implications for bone health and chronic disease prevention. Our aim was to summarize the evidence from Cochrane and other systematic reviews evaluating the benefits or harms of vitamin D fortification of staple foods for household use. In April 2023, we systematically searched Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Epistemonikos and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for systematic reviews investigating the effects of vitamin D fortification of food in general populations of any age. We used Cochrane methodology and assessed the methodological quality of included studies using AMSTAR (A MeaSurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews). We assessed the degree of overlap among reviews. All outcomes included in systematic reviews were assessed. The protocol is registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42023420991). We included 27 systematic reviews out of 5028 records for analysis. Overall, 11 out of 12 systematic reviews calculating pooled estimates reported a significant increase in serum 25(OH)D concentrations. The mean change in serum 25(OH)D concentrations per additional 100 units of vitamin D ranged from 0.7 to 10.8 nmol/L. Fortification of food with vitamin D showed a reduction in the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency based on high-certainty evidence. Parathormone (PTH) levels were described to decrease, bone mineral density to increase, while the effects on other bone turnover markers were inconsistent. Fortification did not significantly impact most anthropometric parameters, but it seemed to positively influence lipid profiles. In summary, fortification of food with vitamin D results in a reduction of vitamin D deficiency and might increase serum 25(OH)D concentrations, to varying extents depending on the fortified vehicle and population characteristics. Additionally, fortification may have a positive impact on bone turnover and lipid metabolism but may only have a limited effect on anthropometric parameters.
| S-EPMC10489979 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We developed two novel sperm epigenetic clocks by applying Super Learner, an ensemble machine learning algorithm, to predict age from sperm EPIC array DNA methylation data via individual CpG sites and differentially methylated regions (DMRs). Overall, our cox model showed that one-year increase in our developed sperm epigenetic age (SEA) was associated with up to 15% reduction in couples time-to-pregnancy (TTP).
2022-07-06 | GSE185445 | GEO
Project description:Sustainability certification schemes such as FAIRTRADE, FLO, WFTO and FT-USA have gained increasing markets. The significant growth of the fair trade (FT) movement in the last decades draws attention to ethical consumption. FT's aim at improving the livelihoods of producers in developing countries and promotion of social change is considered a model that shows the benefits of trade to development. Although conveying a large number of publications, important questions about the movement remain under-explored. The literature is prolific on coffee, cacao, flowers, wine, and gold. In contrast, the engagement with staple foods - a prominent globally traded food category - seems minor. The primary objective of this review was to map the existing literature about FT and staple foods; then, to investigate the role of staple foods in the FT movement. The search strategy was designed to retrieve publications on the intersection of FT and staple foods. To date, there is no review about FT and staple foods nexus. Our systematic review addressed this gap considering FT as an alternative capable of addressing unsustainable food consumption and production impacts. Our research protocol included keywords searching across four databases, screening, and comparative analysis. From 283 documents retrieved, 49 were deemed relevant to reflect the role of staple foods in the FT movement. This systematic review discusses challenges and opportunities for the FT model to further engage with staples and recommends improvement of its environmental credentials. The present study can contribute by informing decision makers, policy makers, businesses, NGOs, producers, and consumers.
| S-EPMC7428751 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Iron deficiency is the most common micronutrient deficiency globally and represents a major threat to public health. Biofortification, the process of enhancing micronutrient content and bioavailability in staple crops, represents an exciting sustainable food-based strategy to combat and prevent iron deficiency, particularly in resource-limited settings. In this review, we examine the evidence to date of the efficacy of iron-biofortified staple food crops on improving iron status in at-risk populations, including rice, pearl millet, and beans. Three randomized efficacy trials of iron biofortified interventions were included in this analysis, conducted in the Philippines, India, and Rwanda. Iron status (hemoglobin, serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), C-reactive protein, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein) was measured at enrollment, midline, and endline in each trial. The primary outcomes evaluated included hemoglobin, serum ferritin, sTfR, and total body iron. A meta-analysis using random effects models was conducted to examine the effects of interventions on hematological outcomes, with the DerSimonian and Laird method. In meta-analyses of data from the three trials, iron-biofortified interventions significantly increased serum ferritin concentrations and total body iron. Evidence to date from randomized trials suggest that iron-biofortified crops are an efficacious intervention to improve iron status. In particular, findings from all three trials also indicate that the effects of biofortified staple crops were highest among individuals who were iron deficient at baseline, suggesting the greatest potential to benefit. Assessment of functional outcomes and consideration of other high-risk populations such as young children, are warranted to elucidate the impact of iron-biofortified interventions on human health.
| S-EPMC5418367 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Deficiency in zinc is widely prevalent in developing countries. Ferti-fortification is one of the easiest and quickest options for improving the zinc content in food. Consumption of such food can provide zinc in adequate amounts to the individual. Nanotechnology is now envisioned as the future of agriculture owing to the immense advantages of nanoparticles over bulk materials. In this work, the effect of zinc nanoparticles (Nps) synthesized via biological route using moringa leaves extract was studied on seed germination, its growth parameters, zinc content and nutrient use efficiency in amaranth crop. Moringa leaves are rich in plant metabolites such as amino acids, alkaloids, flavonoids, sugars and fatty acids as confirmed by the UPLC-MS system analysis. The XRD studies show that the biosynthesized Nps were hexagonal crystals with an average size of 23.69 nm. The particle size as indicated by scanning electron microscopy was between 15 to 30 nm, and by DLS was 22.8 nm. Foliar application of 10 ppm biosynthesized zinc Nps, resulted in the highest plant height and fresh weight. Although, an increase in concentration of zinc applied through foliar route led to higher zinc content in the plant biomass, the nutrient use efficiency indices indicated that zinc Nps at 10 ppm concentration resulted in better nutrient recovery, improved yield and productivity with respect to the nutrient input. This reflects the advantage of biologically synthesized Nps over the bulk counterparts. These results show that the biologically synthesized Nps can be an attractive alternative to conventional fertilizers for nutrient biofortification and better crop yields. Zinc fortification; Amaranth; Nanotechnology; Green synthesis; Moringa leaf extract; Nutrient use efficiency.
| S-EPMC9562344 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Prices affect food purchase decisions, particularly in lower-income communities, where access to a range of food retailers (including supermarkets) is limited. The aim of this study was to examine differences in staple food pricing between small urban food stores and the closest supermarkets, as well as whether pricing differentials varied based on proximity between small stores and larger retailers. In 2014, prices were measured for 15 staple foods during store visits in 140 smaller stores (corner stores, gas-marts, dollar stores, and pharmacies) in Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN and their closest supermarket. Mixed models controlling for store type were used to estimate the average price differential between: (a) smaller stores and supermarkets; (b) isolated smaller stores (>1 mile to closest supermarket) and non-isolated smaller stores; and (c) isolated smaller stores inside versus outside USDA-identified food deserts. On average, all items except white bread were 10-54% more expensive in smaller stores than in supermarkets (p < 0.001). Prices were generally not significantly different in isolated stores compared with non-isolated stores for most items. Among isolated stores, there were no price differences inside versus outside food deserts. We conclude that smaller food stores have higher prices for most staple foods compared to their closest supermarket, regardless of proximity. More research is needed to examine staple food prices in different retail spaces.
| S-EPMC5580618 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Daily calcium intake is well below current recommendations in most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Calcium intake is usually related to bone health, however an adequate calcium intake has also been shown to reduce hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, lower blood pressure and cholesterol values, and to prevent recurrent colorectal adenomas. Food fortification of foods has been identified as a cost-effective strategy to overcome micronutrient gaps in public health. This review summarizes regulatory aspects of fortification of commonly consumed foods with micronutrients, with an emphasis on calcium. We selected a convenient sample of 15 countries from different WHO regions and described the regulatory framework related to calcium fortification of staple foods. We assessed the relevant policies in electronic databases including the WHO Global database on the Implementation of Nutrition Action (GINA) for fortification policies and the Global Fortification Data Exchange Database, a fortification database developed and maintained by Food Fortification Initiative (FFI), Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), Iodine Global Network (IGN), and Micronutrient Forum. Food fortification with micronutrients is widely used in many of the selected countries. Most countries had national legislation for the addition of micronutrients to staple foods, especially wheat flour. These national legislations, that includes regulations and standards, can provide the framework to consider the implementation of adding calcium to the fortification strategies, including the selection of the adequate food vehicle to reach the targeted population at risk safely. The strategy to include calcium in the fortification mix in fortified staple foods seems promising in these countries. However, potential undesired changes on the organoleptic characteristics of fortified foods and products thereof, and operational feasibility at the manufacturing site should be evaluated by the stakeholders during the planning stage. Codex Alimentarius standards should be considered by regulators in order to assure adherence to international standards. While the selected countries already have established national regulations and/or standards for fortification of key staple food vehicles, and there are experiences in the implementation of fortification of some staple foods, national food intake surveys can help plan, design, and modify existing fortification programs as well as monitor food and nutrient consumption to assess risk and benefits.
| S-EPMC7230677 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cannabis use and binge drinking are increasingly common in the United States, yet little is known about cannabis use patterns among people who engage in binge drinking. This study explored the relationship between several cannabis use outcomes and past-month binge drinking status. Pooled 2015-2018 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health data (N = 226,632) were used to explore the hypothesis that binge drinking is associated with higher prevalence of cannabis outcomes. Cannabis outcomes included past-month and past-year use, daily/almost daily use, and past-year DSM-IV/DSM-5 cannabis use disorder (CUD). Covariates included age, gender, race, total income, and study year. Separate weighted multivariable logistic regressions assessed associations between binge drinking and each cannabis outcome and provided adjusted prevalences of cannabis outcomes by binge drinking status. Past-month binge drinking was positively associated with past-month (OR: 3.72, 95 %CI: 3.56-3.93) and past-year (OR: 3.90, 95 %CI: 3.74-4.06) cannabis use in adjusted regressions. The adjusted odds of DSM-IV and DSM-5 CUD among people who used cannabis were 15 % and 12 % higher among people who engaged in binge drinking than those who did not, respectively (OR: 1.15, 95 %CI: 1.05, 1.26 and OR: 1.12, 95 %CI: 1.03, 1.21). Conversely, the odds of past-month daily cannabis use among people who used cannabis and reported binge drinking was 18 % lower than those who did not (OR: 0.82, 95 %CI: 0.74, 0.91). Our findings provide evidence of associations between binge drinking and cannabis use. Future studies should explore associations between cannabis and other alcohol use behaviors, including heavy drinking, and simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use.
| S-EPMC8595626 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Policies to improve healthy food retail have been recognized as a potential means of reducing diet-related health disparities. The revised 2014 Minneapolis Staple Foods Ordinance instituted minimum stocking standards for healthy, staple foods. The objective of this study was to examine retailer compliance with the policy, and whether compliance varied by neighborhood and store characteristics. METHODS:In this natural experiment, audits were conducted annually pre- and post-ordinance (2014-2017) in 155 small/nontraditional stores in Minneapolis, MN and a comparison city (St. Paul, MN). Compliance measures for 10 product categories included: (1) met requirements for ?8 categories; (2) 10-point scale (one point for each requirement met); and (3) carried any item in each category. Store characteristics included store size and ownership status. Neighborhood characteristics included census-tract socioeconomic status and low-income/low-access status. Analyses were conducted in 2018. RESULTS:All compliance measures increased in both Minneapolis and St. Paul from pre- to post-policy; Minneapolis increases were greater only for carrying any item in each category (p?<?0.01). In Minneapolis, corporate (vs. independent) stores were generally more compliant. No differences were found by neighborhood characteristics. CONCLUSIONS:Overall trends suggest broad movement among Minneapolis stores towards providing a minimum level of staple foods. Increases were greater in corporate stores. Trends do not suggest neighborhood-level disparities in compliance. STUDY REGISTRATION:ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02774330, retrospectively registered May 17, 2016.
| S-EPMC7001202 | biostudies-literature