A Pan-Cancer Analysis of Clinical Prognosis and Immune Infiltration of CKS1B in Human Tumors.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Jia Y
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8627364 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Background: The function of olfactomedin-like 2B (OLFML2B), as a member of the olfactomedin domain-containing protein family, remains ambiguous, especially in tumors. The current study explores the possible correlation between OLFML2B, prognosis, and immune infiltration in pan-cancer. Methods: We applied a number of bioinformatics techniques to probe the prospective function of OLFML2B, consisting of its association with prognosis, clinicopathology, alteration, GSEA, tumor microenvironment (TME), immune-associated genes, immune infiltration, tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and drug sensitivity in several cancer types. qPCR and immunohistochemistry were used to identify OLFML2B expression in LIHC cell lines and liver cancer tissues. Results: We discovered that OLFML2B was overexpressed in 14 cancers and positively related to several cancer type prognoses. The expression of OLFML2B was further validated in the LIHC cell lines. OLFML2B expression was bound up with TMB in 13 cancers, MSI in 10 cancers, and TME in almost all cancers. Furthermore, OLFML2B was highly co-expressed with genes encoding immune activators and immune suppressors. We further found that OLFML2B played a role in infiltrating different types of immune cells, such as macrophages and cancer-associated fibroblasts. OLFML2B may influence various cancer and immune-related pathways, such as the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and leukocyte transendothelial migration. In addition, OLFML2B may increase drug resistance of binimetinib, cobimentinib, and trametinib. Conclusion: Our outcomes reveal that OLFML2B may act as a prognostic marker and a potential target in immunotherapy for diverse tumors due to its oncogenesis function and immune infiltration.
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Project description:PurposeThere is evidence that the Crystallin Alpha B (CRYAB) gene is involved in the regulation of the tumor microenvironment and influences tumor prognosis in some cancers. However, the role of CRYAB gene in prognosis and immunology in pan-cancer is still unclear.MethodsIn this study, we analyzed the transcriptional profiles and survival data of cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. CRYAB gene and its relationships with pan-cancer were analyzed using R packages, TIMER2.0, GEPIA2, Sangerbox, UALCAN, cBioPortal, ESTIMATE algorithm, and STRING. Besides, real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was utilized to detect CRYAB expression in KIRC and a human KIRC cell line (Caki-1).ResultsWe found that CRYAB expression was different in tumors and adjacent tumors in human cancers, affecting patients' prognosis in 15 cancer types. Additionally, CRYAB expression significantly correlated with tumor microenvironment (TME), immune checkpoints (ICP), tumor mutational burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI) in human cancers. Besides, CRYAB expression was positively associated with the immune infiltration of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and endothelial cells in most human cancers. Based on enrichment analysis, the most prevalent CRYAB gene mechanism in malignant tumors may be through anti-apoptotic activity. Moreover, some FDA-approved drugs were found to be associated with CRYAB and might be potential cancer therapeutic candidates.ConclusionsCRYAB is a crucial component of the TME and influences immune cell infiltration, making it a promising biomarker to assess immune infiltration and prognosis in many malignancies.
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Project description:Exocyst complex component 3 like 1 (EXOC3L1) is widely present in various human tissues, which mainly regulates insulin secretion. However, its roles in tumors remain unclear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the roles of EXOC3L1 in pan-cancer, and the data was downloaded from of the University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) Xena and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The expression status of EXOC3L1 was studied in the TCGA_GTEx samples, TCGA samples and paired samples in TCGA, respectively. Subsequently, Kaplan-Meier analysis was applied to 33 kinds of tumors in TCGA, among the cancers that EXOC3L1 can affect prognosis, clinical correlation analysis and univariate Cox regression analysis were performed. Furthermore, representative cancers kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) with a sample size larger than 500 were selected to construct nomogram models to confirm the prognostic value of EXOC3L1 in cancers. Additionally, the associations of EXOC3L1 with immune cell infiltrations were performed as well. Mechanistically, functional enrichment analysis was performed to explore potential signaling pathways that EXOC3L1 may involve in. Our study found that EXOC3L1 was differentially expressed in a variety of tumors and was associated with the clinical outcomes and immune microenvironment of several tumors, it may affect the occurrence and development of tumors through NOTCH signaling pathway, PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and immune-related pathways. In conclusion, we propose that EXOC3L1 may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker and a promising target for cancer immunotherapy in a variety of cancers.
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