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Smartphone-integrated colorimetric sensor array-based reader system and fluorometric detection of dopamine in male and female geriatric plasma by bluish-green fluorescent carbon quantum dots

ABSTRACT: A simple, cost-effective system was developed for dopamine (DA) detection using green synthesized 1–6 nm honey-based carbon quantum dots (H-CQDs) exhibiting bluish green fluorescence. The H-CQDs exhibited emission at 445 nm, with a quantum yield of ∼44%. The H-CQDs were used as a probe for electron transfer based DA detection and changes in H-CQD color in the presence of DA. The H-CQDs were formed with polar functional groups and were highly soluble in aqueous media. In the fluorometric mode, the proposed system demonstrated high specificity toward DA and effective limit of detection (LOD) values of 6, 8.5, and 8 nM in deionized (DI) water, male geriatric plasma, and female geriatric plasma, respectively, in the linear range 100 nM–1000 μM. In the colorimetric mode, the color changed within 5 min, and the LOD was 163 μM. A colorimetric sensor array system was used to precisely detect DA with a smartphone-integrated platform using an in house built imaging application and an analyzer app. Additionally, no additives were required, and the H-CQDs were not functionalized. More importantly, the H-CQDs were morphologically and analytically characterized before and after DA detection. Because the sensor array-based system allows high specificity DA detection in both DI water and geriatric plasma, it will play an important role in biomedical applications. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Green synthesis of carbon quantum dots from honey.• Less-time consuming microwave assistance method.• Analysis of H-CQDs before and after sensing of DA.• Smartphone integrated platform for dopamine sensing.• Real sample analysis of DA in male and female geriatric plasma.

SUBMITTER: Chellasamy G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8628042 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Water quality is undergoing significant deterioration due to bacteria, pollutants and other harmful particles, damaging aquatic life and lowering the quality of drinking water. It is, therefore, important to be able to rapidly and accurately measure water quality in a cost-effective manner using e.g., a turbidimeter. Turbidimeters typically use different illumination angles to measure the scattering and transmittance of light through a sample and translate these readings into a measurement based on the standard nephelometric turbidity unit (NTU). Traditional turbidimeters have high sensitivity and specificity, but they are not field-portable and require electricity to operate in field settings. Here we present a field-portable and cost effective turbidimeter that is based on a smartphone. This mobile turbidimeter contains an opto-mechanical attachment coupled to the rear camera of the smartphone, which contains two white light-emitting-diodes to illuminate the water sample, optical fibers to transmit the light collected from the sample to the camera, an external lens for image formation, and diffusers for uniform illumination of the sample. Including the smartphone, this cost-effective device weighs only ~350 g. In our mobile turbidimeter design, we combined two illumination approaches: transmittance, in which the optical fibers were placed directly below the sample cuvette at 180° with respect to the light source, and nephelometry in which the optical fibers were placed on the sides of the sample cuvette at a 90° angle with respect to the to the light source. Images of the end facets of these fiber optic cables were captured using the smart phone and processed using a custom written image processing algorithm to automatically quantify the turbidity of each sample. Using transmittance and nephelometric readings, our mobile turbidimeter achieved accurate measurements over a large dynamic range, from 0.3 NTU to 2000 NTU. The accurate performance of our smartphone-based turbidimeter was also confirmed with various water samples collected in Los Angeles (USA), bacteria spiked water samples, as well as diesel fuel contaminated water samples. Having a detection limit of ~0.3 NTU, this cost-effective smartphone-based turbidimeter can be a useful analytical tool for screening of water quality in resource limited settings.

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Smartphone-integrated colorimetric sensor array-based reader system and fluorometric detection of dopamine in male and female geriatric plasma by bluish-green fluorescent carbon quantum dots

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