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Fasting and Refeeding Affect the Goose Liver Transcriptome Mainly Through the PPAR Signaling Pathway.

ABSTRACT: Nutrition and energy are essential for poultry growth and production performance. Fasting and refeeding have been widely used to study the effects of nutrition, energy, and related mechanisms in chicken. Previous studies have shown that geese have a strong capacity for fat synthesis and storage; thus, changes in the goose liver transcriptome may be different from those in chicken assessed with a model of fasting and refeeding. However, the responses of the goose liver transcriptome to fasting and refeeding have not yet been addressed. In this study, 36 70-day-old Si Ji geese with similar body weight were randomly assigned to three groups: control (ad libitum feeding), fasting (fasted for 24 h), and refeeding (fast for 24 h followed by 2-h feeding) groups. After treatment, eight geese per group were sacrificed for sample collection. Liver samples from four geese in each group were subjected to transcriptome analysis, followed by validation of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using quantitative polymerase chain reaction with the remaining samples. As a result, 155 DEGs (73 up-regulated) were identified between the control and fasting groups, and 651 DEGs (321 up-regulated) were identified between the fasting and refeeding groups. The enrichment analyses of Gene Ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways showed that fasting mainly influenced material metabolism in the liver, especially lipid metabolism; in contrast, refeeding affected not only lipid metabolism but also glucose and amino acid metabolism. In addition, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway may play an important role in lipid metabolism. In conclusion, fasting and refeeding have a strong effect on lipid metabolism in the goose liver; specifically, fasting promotes fatty acid oxidation and inhibits fatty acid synthesis, and refeeding has the opposite effect. The model of fasting and refeeding is suitable for goose nutrition studies.

SUBMITTER: Chen Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8630407 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Changes in the nutritional status of animals significantly affect their health and production performance. However, it is unclear whether insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) mediates these effects. This study aimed to investigate the impact of changes in nutritional and energy statuses on hepatic IGFBP2 expression and the mechanism through which IGFBP2 plays a mediating role. Therefore, the expression of IGFBP2 was first determined in the livers of fasting/refeeding and overfeeding geese. The data showed that overfeeding inhibited IGFBP2 expression in the liver compared with the control (normal feeding) group, whereas the expression of IGFBP2 in the liver was induced by fasting. Interestingly, the data indicated that insulin inhibited the expression of IGFBP2 in goose primary hepatocytes, suggesting that the changes in IGFBP2 expression in the liver in the abovementioned models may be partially attributed to the blood insulin levels. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that the overexpression of IGFBP2 in geese primary hepatocytes significantly altered the expression of 337 genes (including 111 up-regulated and 226 down-regulated genes), and these differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in cytokine-cytokine receptor, immune, and lipid metabolism-related pathways. We selected the most significant pathway, the cytokine-cytokine receptor pathway, and found that the relationship between the expression of these genes and IGFBP2 in goose liver was in line with the findings from the IGFBP2 overexpression assay, i.e., the decreased expression of IGFBP2 was accompanied by the increased expression of LOC106041919, CCL20, LOC106042256, LOC106041041, and IL22RA1 in the overfed versus normally fed geese, and the increased expression of IGFBP2 was accompanied by the decreased expression of these genes in fasting versus normally fed geese, and refeeding prevented or attenuated the effects of fasting. The association between the expression of these genes and IGFBP2 was verified by IGFBP2-siRNA treatment of goose primary hepatocytes, in which IGFBP2 expression was induced by low serum concentrations. In conclusion, this study suggests that IGFBP2 mediates the biological effects induced by changes in nutritional or energy levels, mainly through the cytokine-cytokine receptor pathway.

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Fasting and Refeeding Affect the Goose Liver Transcriptome Mainly Through the PPAR Signaling Pathway.

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