Microplastics pollution in salt pans from the Maheshkhali Channel, Bangladesh.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Rakib MRJ
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8632905 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Marine debris is widely recognized as a global environmental problem. One of its main components, microplastics, has been found in several sea salt samples from different countries, indicating that sea products are irremediably contaminated by microplastics. Previous studies show very confusing results, reporting amounts of microparticles (MPs) in salt ranging from zero to 680 MPs/kg, with no mention of the possible causes of such differences. Several errors in the experimental procedures used were found and are reported in the present work. Likewise, 21 different samples of commercial table salt from Spain have been analyzed for MPs content and nature. The samples comprise sea salts and well salts, before and after packing. The microplastic content found was of 50-280 MPs/kg salt, being polyethylene-terephthalate (PET) the most frequently found polymer, followed by polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE), with no significant differences among all the samples. The results indicate that even though the micro-particles might originate from multiple sources, there is a background presence of microplastics in the environment.
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Project description:Viruses associated with the salt pans in South Africa
| PRJEB29580 | ENA
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Project description:Background:Exposure to cadmium (Cd) is a global public health concern. The primary Cd exposure pathways are inhalation and ingestion. Globally, Cd production and consumption has increased, along with nickel-cadmium battery production, alloys, anticorrosive coatings, pigments, polyvinyl chloride stabilizers, semiconductors for solar cells, etc. After the end use of these elements, improper management may cause Cd pollution in different spheres of the environment and living organisms that eventually lead to adverse effects on human health. Objectives:The aim of the present study is to demonstrate the sources and routes of Cd that enter different environmental spheres, their concentrations, and describe associated human health impacts in Bangladesh. Methods:The present study searched a total of 304 peer-reviewed articles in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database, Science Direct, Web of Science, Springer Link, BanglaJOL, and university libraries and ultimately selected 71 articles. Afterwards, the relevant findings on Cd exposure through inhalation and diet and age-based impacts (i.e., adults, women, children and infants) in Bangladesh were combined. Finally, the results were processed with a cross-tabulation technique. Results:The present study found that Cd concentration in the local diet and river water is within the World Health Organization and Bangladesh Standard Testing Institute guidelines. Discussion:The concentration of Cd in sediments is comparatively higher than in river water in Bangladesh. Cadmium has been found in samples of foods, including leafy and non-leafy vegetables collected from different places in Bangladesh and may ultimately enter the human body via dietary intake of these foods. Consequently, individuals may be exposed to Cd and may be suffering from long-term adverse health effects. Conclusions:The comparison of concentrations in this study with national and international standards will assist with the formulation of effective pollution mitigation measures in Bangladesh. Competing Interests:The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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Project description:There have been many studies on the microplastic pollution, influence and control mechanisms of different plastic products. The potential harm of microplastic pollution to the environment has been confirmed. With the outbreak and spread of the COVID-19 in the world, disposable surgical masks as effective and cheap protective medical equipment have been widely used by the public. Disposable masks have been a new social norm, but they must have a sense of environmental responsibilities. The random disposal of masks may result in new and greater microplastic pollution, because masks made of polymer materials would release microplastics after entering the environment. Current results showed that masks are a potential and easily overlooked source of environmental microplastics. The release amount of microplastics in the static water by one mask was 360 items, and with the increase of vibration rate, the release amount also increased. The addition of organic solvents (detergent and alcohol) in water would increase the release of microplastics from masks. When the mask became fragments, the ability to release microplastic fibers into the environment was greatly improved due to the increase of exposure area. After two months of natural weathering, the masks become very fragile pieces and microplastics. A fully weathered mask could release several billions of microplastic fibers into the aquatic environment once these fragile fragments enter the water without reservation. The rapid growth of mask production and consumption and improper disposable is worrying. It is urgent to understand the potential environmental risks and significance of masks.
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Project description:Massive application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has been the main strategy used to cope with the rising crop demands in the last decades. The indiscriminate use of chemicals while providing a temporary solution to food demand has led to a decrease in crop productivity and an increase in the environmental impact of modern agriculture. A sustainable alternative to the use of agrochemicals is the use of microorganisms naturally capable of enhancing plant growth and protecting crops from pests known as Plant-Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB). Aim of the present study was to isolate and characterize PGPB from salt-pans sand samples with activities associated to plant fitness increase. To survive high salinity, salt-tolerant microbes produce a broad range of compounds with heterogeneous biological activities that are potentially beneficial for plant growth. A total of 20 halophilic spore-forming bacteria have been screened in vitro for phyto-beneficial traits and compared with other two members of Bacillus genus recently isolated from the rhizosphere of the same collection site and characterized as potential biocontrol agents. Whole-genome analysis on seven selected strains confirmed the presence of numerous gene clusters with PGP and biocontrol functions and of novel secondary-metabolite biosynthetic genes, which could exert beneficial impacts on plant growth and protection. The predicted biocontrol potential was confirmed in dual culture assays against several phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. Interestingly, the presence of predicted gene clusters with known biocontrol functions in some of the isolates was not predictive of the in vitro results, supporting the need of combining laboratory assays and genome mining in PGPB identification for future applications.
| S-EPMC8475271 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Microplastics (MPs) are prevalent in nature due to the proliferation of plastic in the environment. However, the presence of microplastics in lakes is largely unknown in comparison to other aquatic bodies. This study was performed to evaluate the abundance and characteristics of MPs in water, sediment, and fish from three major urban lakes in Dhaka, Bangladesh, namely Dhanmondi, Gulshan, and Hatir Jheel lake. The highest concentrations of microplastics in surface water (36 items/L), sediment (67 items/kg), fish (17 items/individual), and the gastrointestinal tract (4.88 items/gm) were observed. Highest abundance of microplastic in an individual fish was observed in Oreochromis mossambicus from Dhanmondi Lake. The samples were visually examined using stereomicroscope and SEM, which revealed that films were the most prevalent kind of microplastics in both the water and the sediment samples, whereas pellets and foams predominated in the fish samples. Visual observation also revealed MPs dominated by <100 μm in size and transparent in color. According to the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis, the dominant polymers in the analyzed samples were high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, cellulose acetate, and polypropylene. MPs were relatively higher in the water and sediment samples of Gulshan Lake, and fish samples of Dhanmondi Lake. The results of this study indicate that microplastic contamination has occurred not only in the water and sediment but also in the inhabitant fishes of the lakes. However, it is discovered that the microplastic intake of fish was significantly related to body weight and length. The implication of the finding suggests that the presence of MPs in urban lakes has raised concerns about the potential human health impact. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • The presence of microplastics was evaluated in three major urban lakes of Dhaka, Bangladesh.• Microplastic abundance was relatively higher in water and sediment samples of Gulshan Lake.• The highest microplastic abundance in an individual fish was observed in Oreochromis mossambicus from Dhanmondi Lake.• Films were prevalent in water and sediment samples, whereas pellets and foams were dominant in fish samples.• The dominant polymers were Polyethylene (PE), Polycarbonate (PC), Polypropylene (PP), Polyvinylchloride (PVC).
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Project description:Road-salt pollution in streams in the Northeastern United States has become a major concern, but historical data are scarce. Freshwater bivalve shells have the ability to record past environmental information, and may act as archives of road-salt pollution. We sampled Elliptio complanata shells from four streams, as well as specimens collected in 1877. Average [Na/Ca]shell was highest in modern shells from the stream with the highest sodium concentrations, and low in shells collected from this same stream in 1877 as well as in the shells from other streams, suggesting that [Na/Ca]shell serves as a proxy for road-salt pollution. We expected higher [Na/Ca]shell in winter and spring. However, high-resolution [Na/Ca]shell analyses along the growth axis of one shell did not reveal any clear subannual patterns, which could be the result of shell growth cessation in winter and/or during periods of high stream sodium concentrations. Therefore, bulk [Na/Ca]shell analysis from multiple shells can be used as a proxy of large changes in stream sodium concentrations, but high-resolution variations in stream sodium concentrations do not seem to be recorded in the shells.
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Project description:Halobacteria, members of the domain Archaea that live under extremely halophilic conditions, are often considered as dependable source for deriving novel enzymes, novel genes, bioactive compounds and other industrially important molecules. Protein antibiotics have potential for application as preserving agents in food industry, leather industry and in control of infectious bacteria. Halocins are proteinaceous antibiotics synthesized and released into the environment by extreme halophiles, a universal characteristic of halophilic bacteria. Herein, we report the production of halocin (SH10) by an extremely halophilic archeon Natrinema sp. BTSH10 isolated from salt pan of Kanyakumari, Tamilnadu, India and optimization of medium for enhanced production of halocin. It was found that the optimal conditions for maximal halocin production were 42 °C, pH 8.0, and 104 h of incubation at 200 rpm with 2% (V/V) inoculum concentration in Zobell's medium containing 3 M NaCl, Galactose, beef extract, and calcium chloride as additional supplements. Results indicated scope for fermentation production of halocin for probable applications using halophilic archeon Natrinema sp. BTSH10.
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Project description:Viral communities of two different salt pans located in the Namib Desert, Hosabes and Eisfeld, were investigated using a combination of multiple displacement amplification of metaviromic DNA and deep sequencing, and provided comprehensive sequence data on both ssDNA and dsDNA viral community structures. Read and contig annotations through online pipelines showed that the salt pans harbored largely unknown viral communities. Through network analysis, we were able to assign a large portion of the unknown reads to a diverse group of ssDNA viruses. Contigs belonging to the subfamily Gokushovirinae were common in both environmental datasets. Analysis of haloarchaeal virus contigs revealed the presence of three contigs distantly related with His1, indicating a possible new lineage of salterproviruses in the Hosabes playa. Based on viral richness and read mapping analyses, the salt pan metaviromes were novel and most closely related to each other while showing a low degree of overlap with other environmental viromes.
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