Dataset Information

Physical Disability at Work: How Functional Limitation Affects Perceived Discrimination and Interpersonal Relationships in the Workplace.

ABSTRACT: Adults with disability have significantly lower rates of labor force participation relative to persons without disability, although it is unclear whether this disparity extends to subjective workplace experiences. Using data from the 2004 to 2006 wave of the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (n =2,030), we evaluate: (1) whether U.S. workers with physical disability report higher levels of perceived job discrimination and unequal workplace opportunities and lower levels of supervisor and coworker support and (2) whether these patterns differ by sex, age, and occupation group. We find that workers with physical disability fare significantly worse on all four outcomes net of covariates. Disability takes a particularly large toll on men's perceived workplace opportunities and white-collar employees' relationships with coworkers. Young adult workers (ages 30-39) with disability report significantly more support from their supervisor relative to their counterparts without disability. We discuss implications for research and policy.

SUBMITTER: Carr D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8633032 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Physical Disability at Work: How Functional Limitation Affects Perceived Discrimination and Interpersonal Relationships in the Workplace.

Carr Deborah D Namkung Eun Ha EH

Journal of health and social behavior 20210707 4

Adults with disability have significantly lower rates of labor force participation relative to persons without disability, although it is unclear whether this disparity extends to subjective workplace experiences. Using data from the 2004 to 2006 wave of the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (n =2,030), we evaluate: (1) whether U.S. workers with physical disability report higher levels of perceived job discrimination and unequal workplace opportunities and lower levels ...[more]

PMID: 34232072

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Prosthesis rehabilitation after dysvascular transtibial amputation (TTA) is focused on optimizing functional capacity with limited emphasis on promoting health self-efficacy. Self-efficacy interventions decrease disability for people living with chronic disease, but the influence of self-efficacy on disability is unknown for people with dysvascular TTA. OBJECTIVES:To identify if self-efficacy mediates the relationship between self-reported functional capacity and disability after dysvascular TTA. DESIGN:Cross-sectional, secondary data analysis. SETTING:Outpatient rehabilitation facilities. PARTICIPANTS:Thirty-eight men (63.6 ± 9.1 years old) with dysvascular TTA. METHODS:Participants had been living with an amputation for less than 6 months and using walking as their primary form of locomotion using a prosthesis. The independent variable, functional capacity, was measured using the Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire-Mobility Scale (PEQ-MS). The proposed mediator, self-efficacy, was measured with the Self-Efficacy of Managing Chronic Disease questionnaire (SEMCD). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:Disability was measured using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) questionnaire. RESULTS:The relationship between self-reported functional capacity and disability is partially mediated by self-efficacy. Relationships between WHODAS 2.0 and PEQ-MS (r = -0.61), WHODAS 2.0 and SEMCD (r = -0.51), and PEQ-MS and SEMCD (r = 0.44) were significant (P < .01). Controlling for SEMCD (P = .04), the relationship between PEQ-MS and WHODAS 2.0 remained significant (P < .01). Statistically significant mediation was determined by a bootstrap method for the product of coefficients (95% confidence interval: -2.23, -7.39). CONCLUSIONS:This study provides initial evidence that the relationship between self-reported functional capacity and disability is partially mediated by self-efficacy after dysvascular TTA. The longitudinal effect of self-efficacy should be further examined to identify causal pathways of disability after dysvascular amputation. Furthermore, additional factors contributing to the relationship between self-reported functional capacity and disability need to be identified. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:III.

Project description:Introduction/purposeSedentary behavior (SB) is common in desk-based work and prolonged periods of SB are associated with negative health outcomes. This study assessed associations between workplace characteristics and setting and movement patterns during working hours.MethodsThis secondary analysis used baseline data from the Reducing Sedentary Behavior to Decrease Blood Pressure (RESET BP) clinical trial which enrolled inactive, desk-based workers with elevated blood pressure (n=271; mean age: 45.3±11.6 years; body mass index (BMI): 30.66±7.1 kg/m2; 59.4% women). Physical and social workplace characteristics were assessed by a study-developed questionnaire and the Office Environment and Sitting Scale (OFFESS). Participants also wore an activPAL activity monitor for 7 days and reported working hours in a diary to measure SB and physical activity (PA) specifically while working. Linear regression was used to analyze cross-sectional associations between workplace characteristics and SB and PA. A stratified analysis was also conducted to assess associations among home-based and in-office desk workers separately. Analyses were adjusted for age, gender, BMI, and work wear time.ResultsParticipants spent 77% of working hours in SB. Public vs. private offices, working in-office vs. at home, higher local connectivity, and greater overall connectedness were associated with lower SB and/or greater PA (all p<0.05). Higher frequency of face-to-face interactions, and greater visibility and proximity to co-workers was associated with less SB and more PA (all p<0.05). For example, home-based workers had more total SB (+17.2±8.4 mins/day), more SB bouts ≥30 mins (+39.1±12.8 mins/day), and less steps (695±201 steps/day) than in-office employees. Stratification by office setting revealed differences in associations between SB and PA and workplace characteristics.ConclusionsMore public, open spaces with more social interactions and physical walkways could improve SB and PA patterns during work. Home-based workers had more SB, less PA, and unique associations of these activities with workplace characteristics, suggesting a need for tailored interventions.

Dataset Information

Physical Disability at Work: How Functional Limitation Affects Perceived Discrimination and Interpersonal Relationships in the Workplace.

Publications

Physical Disability at Work: How Functional Limitation Affects Perceived Discrimination and Interpersonal Relationships in the Workplace.

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