What are Learner and Instructor Preferences for Group Size and Composition for a Series of Synchronous Online Case Discussions for Upper Extremity Trauma Surgeons?
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Roels N
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8635531 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Similar Datasets
Project description:Collectives adapt their network structure to the challenges they face. It has been hypothesized that collectives experiencing a real or imagined threat from an outgroup tend to consolidate behind a few group members, and that network structures in which a few members attract most of the attention are more likely in politically extreme groups. These hypotheses have not been tested in large-scale real-world settings. We reconstruct networks of tens of thousands of commenters participating in comment sections of high-profile U.S. political news websites spanning the political spectrum from left to right, including Mother Jones, The Atlantic, The Hill, and Breitbart. We investigate the relationship between different indices of inequality of attention in commenters' networks and perceived group threat associated with significant societal events, from elections and political rallies to mass shootings. Our findings support the hypotheses that groups facing a real or imagined outgroup threat and groups that are more politically extreme are more likely to attend to a few high-profile members. These results provide an extensive real-world test of theoretical accounts of collective adaptation to outgroup threats.
| S-EPMC9905083 | biostudies-literature
Project description:It is widely accepted that nonverbal communication is crucial for learning, but the exact functions of interpersonal coordination between instructors and learners remain unclear. Specifically, it is unknown what role instructional approaches play in the coupling of physical motion between instructors and learners, and crucially, how such instruction-mediated Body-to-Body Coupling (BtBC) might affect learning. We used a video-based, computer-vision Motion Energy Analysis (MEA) to quantify BtBC between learners and instructors who used two different instructional approaches to teach psychological concepts. BtBC was significantly greater when the instructor employed a scaffolding approach than when an explanation approach was used. The importance of the instructional approach was further underscored by the fact that an increase in motion in the instructor was associated with boosted BtBC, but only during scaffolding; no such relationship between the instructor movements and BtBC was found during explanation interactions. Finally, leveraging machine learning approaches (i.e., support vector and logistic regression models), we demonstrated that both learning outcome and instructional approaches could be decoded based on BtBC. Collectively, these results show that the real-time interaction of teaching and learning bodies is important for learning and that the instructional approach matters, with possible implications for both in-person and online learning.
| S-EPMC9240028 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: The aim of the study is to investigate current management strategies for lateral epicondylitis by fellowship-trained upper extremity surgeons. Methods: A 17-question survey of treatment approaches and outcomes related to lateral epicondylitis was sent to 3354 surgeons using the American Society for Surgery of the Hand and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons member databases. Results: Six hundred twelve upper extremity surgeons completed the survey. The 6 most frequently prescribed nonoperative treatments for lateral epicondylitis were home exercise program/stretching (81%), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (75%), steroid injection (71%), counterforce bracing (68%), formal physical therapy (65%), and wrist brace (47%). Less commonly performed nonoperative treatment measures included platelet-rich plasma injection (16%), Tenex procedure (6%), and iontophoresis (2%). Conclusions: There is a lack of consensus in the literature for the management of lateral epicondylitis, which is reflected by individual variation in clinical treatment among the experts. Future prospective randomized control studies are needed to establish evidence-based practice standards for this common diagnosis.
| S-EPMC6759970 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background The purpose of this investigation was to assess surgical outcomes after distal biceps tendon (DBT) repair for upper-extremity surgeons at the beginning of their careers, immediately following fellowship training. We aimed to determine if procedure times, complication rates, and clinical outcomes differed during the learning curve period for these early-career surgeons. Methods All cases of DBT repairs performed by 2 fellowship-trained surgeons from the start of their careers were included. Demographic data as well as operative times, complication rates, and patient reported outcomes were retrospectively collected. A cumulative sum chart (CUSUM) analysis was performed for the learning curve for both operative times and complication rate. This analysis continuously compares performance of an outcome to a predefined target level. Results A total of 78 DBT repairs performed by the two surgeons were included. In the CUSUM analysis of operative time for surgeon 1 and 2, both demonstrated a learning curve until case 4. In CUSUM analysis for complication rates, neither surgeon 1 nor surgeon 2 performed significantly worse than the target value and learning curve ranged from 14 to 21 cases. Mean Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score (QuickDASH) (10.65 ± 5.81) and the pain visual analog scale scores (1.13 ± 2.04) were comparable to previously reported literature. Conclusions These data suggest that a learning curve between 4 and 20 cases exists with respect to operative times and complication rates for DBT repairs for fellowship-trained upper-extremity surgeons at the start of clinical practice. Early-career surgeons appear to have acceptable clinical results and complications relative to previously published series irrespective of their learning stage.
| S-EPMC9937840 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveOccupational therapy is often prescribed after the acute treatment of upper extremity fractures. However, high out-of-pocket expenses and logistical constraints can reduce access to formal therapy services. We aimed to quantify preferences of patients with upper extremity fracture for attending occupational therapy, when considering possible differences in clinical outcomes.DesignDiscrete choice experiment.SettingLevel 1 trauma centre in Baltimore, Maryland, USA.Participants134 adult patients with upper extremity fractures.Primary outcome measuresThe scenarios were described with five attributes: cost, duration of therapy session, location of therapy, final range of motion and pain. We report the relative importance of each attribute as a proportion of total importance, and the willingness to pay for benefits of the therapy services.ResultsOf the 134 study participants, the mean age was 47 years and 53% were men. Cost (32%) and range of motion (29%) were the attributes of greatest relative importance. Pain (17%), duration of therapy (13%) and location of therapy (8%) were of lesser importance. Patients were willing to pay $85 more per therapy session for a 40% improvement in their range of motion. Patients were willing to pay $43 more per therapy session to improve from severe pain to mild pain. Patients were indifferent to whether the therapy treatment was home-based or in a clinical environment.ConclusionsWhen deciding on an upper extremity fracture therapy programme, out-of-pocket costs are a paramount consideration of patients. Improvements in range of motion are of greater importance than residual pain, the duration of therapy sessions and the location of service provision. Patients with upper extremity fracture should be prescribed occupational therapy services that align with these patients' preferences.
| S-EPMC7559050 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Learner-centered classrooms encourage critical thinking and communication among students and between students and their instructor, and engage students as active learners rather than passive participants. However, students, faculty, and experts often have distinct definitions of learner-centeredness, and the paucity of research comparing perspectives of these different groups must be resolved. In the current study, our central research question was how do student, faculty, and expert observer perceptions of learner-centeredness within biology classrooms compare to one another? We sampled 1114 students from fifteen sections of a general biology course for non-majors, and complete responses from 490 students were analyzed. Five valid and reliable tools (two faculty; two student; and one expert observer) evaluated the learner-centeredness of each participating section. Perceptions of learner-centered instructors often aligned with those of expert observers, while student perceptions tended not to align with either group. Interestingly, students perceived learner-centered instructors as less learner-centered if they taught at non-traditional times and/or in large-enrollment sections, despite their focus on student learning. Perceptions of learner-centeredness in the biology classroom are complex and may be best captured with more than one instrument. Our findings encourage instructors to be cognizant that the approaches they employ in the classroom may not be interpreted as learner-centered, in the same manner, by students and external observers, particularly when additional course factors such as enrollment and scheduling may encourage negative perceptions of learner-centered practices.
| S-EPMC6040760 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Immunosuppression is encountered in patients with oncologic, transplant, and autoimmune disorders. The purpose of this study is to provide guidance for physicians treating surgical hand and upper extremity (UE) infections in immunosuppressed (IS) patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our database of patients presenting with UE infections over 3 years. IS patients were matched randomly to non-IS patients. Patient background, infection presentation, surgical evaluation, and microbiology variables were recorded. Infection variables included mechanism, location, and type. Outcomes included inpatient length of stay (LOS) and need for repeat drainage. Results: We identified 35 IS and 35 non-IS out of 409 UE infection patients. Patients most commonly had a hematologic malignancy (34%) as their IS class, and the most frequent immunosuppressive medication was glucocorticoids (57%). IS patients were more likely to be older and less likely to have a history of drug abuse or hepatitis C virus infections. IS infections were more likely to have idiopathic mechanisms, more likely to involve deeper anatomy such as joints, bone, tendon sheath, or muscle/fascia, and less likely to present with leukocytosis. IS cultures more commonly exhibited atypical Mycoplasma or fungus. There was no difference between IS and non-IS patients regarding LOS or recurrent drainage. Conclusions: Mechanism and white blood cell count are less reliable markers of infection severity in IS patients. Physicians treating infections in IS patients should maintain a higher suspicion for deeper involved anatomy and atypical microbiology. Nonetheless, with careful inpatient management and closer surveillance, outcomes in IS patients can approach that of non-IS patients.
| S-EPMC6966281 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The widespread adoption of online courses opens opportunities for analysing learner behaviour and optimising web-based learning adapted to observed usage. Here, we introduce a mathematical framework for the analysis of time-series of online learner engagement, which allows the identification of clusters of learners with similar online temporal behaviour directly from the raw data without prescribing a priori subjective reference behaviours. The method uses a dynamic time warping kernel to create a pair-wise similarity between time-series of learner actions, and combines it with an unsupervised multiscale graph clustering algorithm to identify groups of learners with similar temporal behaviour. To showcase our approach, we analyse task completion data from a cohort of learners taking an online post-graduate degree at Imperial Business School. Our analysis reveals clusters of learners with statistically distinct patterns of engagement, from distributed to massed learning, with different levels of regularity, adherence to pre-planned course structure and task completion. The approach also reveals outlier learners with highly sporadic behaviour. A posteriori comparison against student performance shows that, whereas high-performing learners are spread across clusters with diverse temporal engagement, low performers are located significantly in the massed learning cluster, and our unsupervised clustering identifies low performers more accurately than common machine learning classification methods trained on temporal statistics of the data. Finally, we test the applicability of the method by analysing two additional data sets: a different cohort of the same course, and time-series of different format from another university.
| S-EPMC6722089 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The purpose of this study is to assess the roles of pediatric surgeons and adult trauma surgeons in the management of pediatric torso trauma patients in a Level I adult trauma center. From 2015 to 2019, pediatric torso trauma patients (age < 18 years) were studied. A comparison between patients who did and did not undergo surgery was performed. Older children (age: 10-18 years) were compared with young adults (age: 18-35 years) selected with the same criteria using propensity score matching (PSM) and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). A total of 226 patients were included in the study. Patients who underwent surgery for torso trauma (N = 61) were significantly older than patients who did not undergo surgery (N = 165) (13.1 vs. 10.4 years, p = 0.019). Both PSM and IPTW showed that the older children and young adult groups had similar proportions of patients requiring surgery (32.6% vs. 32.6%, standard difference (SD) = 0.000), proportions of patients who required torso angioembolization (8.7% vs. 9.8%, SD = 0.072), length of hospital stay (LOS) (8.1 vs. 8.0 days, SD = 0.026), and intensive care unit admission LOS (2.6 vs. 2.7 days, SD = 0.033). However, 7.1% of older children received critical care from pediatric surgeons. Additionally, 31.9% of younger children were cared for by pediatric surgeons/pediatricians. Adult trauma surgeons can feasibly perform surgeries for older children with torso trauma in collaboration with pediatric surgeons who provide critical care.
| S-EPMC8947374 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Preoperative antibiotics may not be necessary, given the very low infection rates associated with percutaneous pinning (PP) procedures of the upper extremity (UE). The purpose of this study was to determine the patterns and variation surrounding the use of preoperative antibiotics when performing PP procedures of the child's UE. Methods: A survey was sent to all members of Pediatric Orthopedic Society of North America to assess the use and opinions regarding preoperative antibiotics for PP procedures of the UE. Queries included the surgeon's current practice and thoughts regarding the need for preoperative antibiotics based on the anatomical location of the procedure. Results: Eight-one percent of the 295 respondents routinely order preoperative antibiotics for all PP procedures of the UE; however, only 60% felt that all patients must receive preoperative antibiotics. The requirement for preoperative antibiotics varied based on the anatomical location-81% for shoulder, 70% for elbow, 66% for wrist, and 62% for hand/finger. Canadian surgeons were significantly less likely to believe that preoperative antibiotics must be used in all UE cases, all shoulder cases, and all elbow cases (all Ps = .04). Conclusion: The vast majority (81%) of surgeons surveyed routinely prescribe antibiotics for PP procedures of the UE despite the fact that 40% of surgeons felt that antibiotics were not necessary for all procedures. As the PP procedure is performed more distally on the UE, fewer surgeons feel preoperative antibiotics are necessary. Future studies assessing infection rates with and without the use of preoperative antibiotics are necessary to determine the true need for these medications.
| S-EPMC9112736 | biostudies-literature