Dataset Information

Effect of cropping systems and climate on soil physical characteristics, field crop emergence and yield: A dataset from a 19-year field experiment.

ABSTRACT: A long-term field experiment was conducted from 1989 to 2007 in northern France in a loamy soil to assess the cumulative effects of cropping systems (CSs) on soil compaction, soil porosity, soil structure, crop emergence and yield. Three CSs, including different crop rotations and cultivations (early or late sowing and harvesting), were compared. CS I was the succession of spring pea/winter wheat/oilseed rape (flax from 2001)/winter wheat while CSs II and III were the succession of sugar beet/winter wheat/maize/winter wheat. The latter two CSs consisted of different sowing dates, based on two distinct decision rules aimed at minimizing the risk of soil compaction in the CS II or maximizing the duration of the crop in the CS III. The tillage system was only mouldboard ploughing up to 2000 while a new treatment with superficial tillage (i.e. at 6 cm depth) was integrated since then into the experiment to compare the effects of annual ploughing and reduced tillage on changes in soil structure over time. Soil water content was measured for each field operation by taking samples every 0.05 m up to a depth of 0.30 m in the topsoil. Soil compaction and soil structure was evaluated after each sowing using a morphological approach and soil bulk density measurements. The ''profil cultural'' method was used to map soil structure variations in the topsoil below the seedbed. Dry bulk density was measured with a gamma-ray transmission probe. Seedling emergence rates and crop yield were also measured in relation to CSs. This dataset represents an important description of the changes in the soil compaction level, crop emergence rates and yield, in relation to CSs and climate, and the overall impact on seedbed structure variations for major field crops under northern France conditions. This information can be used as input variables of several soil-crop models aiming at evaluating the impact of CSs and climate on soil compaction and seedbed structures.

SUBMITTER: Lamichhane JR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8637148 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Although humic acid has been demonstrated to improve the quality of some soil types, the long-term effects of humic acid on soil under continuous cropping peanut are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the continuous effects of humic acid on the physicochemical properties, microbial diversity, and enzyme activities of soil under continuous cropping peanut. In this study, a three-year consecutive experiment of cropping peanut was conducted in the North China Plain. In addition to the equal nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium inputs, humic acid treatment was applied with inorganic fertilizers. Compared with control experiments, humic acid increased the yield and quality of continuous cropping peanut. To elucidate the mechanism of humic acid affecting the soil quality, various soil quality indicators were evaluated and compared in this study. It was found that humic acid increased soil nutrient contents, including the total soil nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and organic matter contents, which exhibited the maximum effect in the third year. Meanwhile, the urease, sucrase, and phosphatase activities in the soil significantly increased after treated with humic acid, of which the maturity period increased most significantly. The same results were observed for three consecutive years. Microbial diversity varied considerably according to the high throughput sequencing analysis. Specifically, the number of bacteria decreased while that of fungi increased after humic acid treatment. The abundance of Firmicutes in bacteria, Basidiomycota, and Mortierellomycota in fungi all increased, which have been reported as being beneficial to plant growth. In contrast, the abundance of Ascomycota in fungi was reduced, and most of the related genera identified are pathogenic to plants. In conclusion, humic acid improved the yield and quality of continuous cropping peanut because of improved physicochemical properties, enzymatic activities, and microbial diversity of soil, which is beneficial for alleviating the obstacles of continuous cropping peanut.

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Dataset Information

Effect of cropping systems and climate on soil physical characteristics, field crop emergence and yield: A dataset from a 19-year field experiment.

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