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Insights into phosphatase-activated chemical defense in a marine sponge holobiont.

ABSTRACT: Marine sponges often contain potent cytotoxic compounds, which in turn evokes the principle question of how marine sponges avoid self-toxicity. In a marine sponge Discodermia calyx, the highly toxic calyculin A is detoxified by the phosphorylation, which is catalyzed by the phosphotransferase CalQ of a producer symbiont, "Candidatus Entotheonella" sp. Here we show the activating mechanism to dephosphorylate the stored phosphocalyculin A protoxin. The phosphatase specific to phosphocalyculin A is CalL, which is also encoded in the calyculin biosynthetic gene cluster. CalL represents a new clade and unprecedently coordinates the heteronuclear metals Cu and Zn. CalL is localized in the periplasmic space of the sponge symbiont, where it is ready for the on-demand production of calyculin A in response to sponge tissue disruption.

SUBMITTER: Jomori T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8637855 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Insights into phosphatase-activated chemical defense in a marine sponge holobiont.

Jomori Takahiro T Matsuda Kenichi K Egami Yoko Y Abe Ikuro I Takai Akira A Wakimoto Toshiyuki T

RSC chemical biology 20211006 6

Marine sponges often contain potent cytotoxic compounds, which in turn evokes the principle question of how marine sponges avoid self-toxicity. In a marine sponge Discodermia calyx, the highly toxic calyculin A is detoxified by the phosphorylation, which is catalyzed by the phosphotransferase CalQ of a producer symbiont, "Candidatus Entotheonella" sp. Here we show the activating mechanism to dephosphorylate the stored phosphocalyculin A protoxin. The phosphatase specific to phospho ...[more]

PMID: 34977575

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