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Targeted and Untargeted Metabolomics Profiling of Wheat Reveals Amino Acids Increase Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight.

ABSTRACT: Fusarium head blight (FHB), a notorious plant disease caused by Fusarium graminearum (F. graminearum), is severely harmful to wheat production, resulting in a decline in grain quality and yield. In order to develop novel control strategies, metabolomics has been increasingly used to characterize more comprehensive profiles of the mechanisms of underlying plant-pathogen interactions. In this research, untargeted and targeted metabolomics were used to analyze the metabolite differences between two wheat varieties, the resistant genotype Sumai 3 and the susceptible genotype Shannong 20, after F. graminearum inoculation. The untargeted metabolomics results showed that differential amino acid metabolic pathways existed in Sumai 3 and Shannong 20 after F. graminearum infection. Additionally, some of the amino acid contents changed greatly in different cultivars when infected with F. graminearum. Exogenous application of amino acids and F. graminearum inoculation assay showed that proline (Pro) and alanine (Ala) increased wheat resistance to FHB, while cysteine (Cys) aggravated the susceptibility. This study provides an initial insight into the metabolite differences of two wheat cultivars under the stress of F. graminearum. Moreover, the method of optimization metabolite extraction presents an effective and feasible strategy to explore the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the FHB resistance.

SUBMITTER: Zhao P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8639535 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat in North America is caused mostly by the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum (Fg). Upon exposure to Fg, wheat initiates a series of cellular responses involving massive transcriptional reprogramming. In this study, we analyzed transcriptomics data of four wheat genotypes (Nyubai, Wuhan 1, HC374, and Shaw), at 2 and 4 days post inoculation (dpi) with Fg, using RNA-seq technology. RESULTS:A total of 37,772 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, 28,961 from wheat and 8811 from the pathogen. The susceptible genotype Shaw exhibited the highest number of host and pathogen DEGs, including 2270 DEGs associating with FHB susceptibility. Protein serine/threonine kinases and LRR-RK were associated with susceptibility at 2 dpi, while several ethylene-responsive, WRKY, Myb, bZIP and NAC-domain containing transcription factors were associated with susceptibility at 4 dpi. In the three resistant genotypes, 220 DEGs were associated with resistance. Glutathione S-transferase (GST), membrane proteins and distinct LRR-RKs were associated with FHB resistance across the three genotypes. Genes with unique, high up-regulation by Fg in Wuhan 1 were mostly transiently expressed at 2 dpi, while many defense-associated genes were up-regulated at both 2 and 4 dpi in Nyubai; the majority of unique genes up-regulated in HC374 were detected at 4 dpi only. In the pathogen, most genes showed increased expression between 2 and 4 dpi in all genotypes, with stronger levels in the susceptible host; however two pectate lyases and a hydrolase were expressed higher at 2 dpi, and acetyltransferase activity was highly enriched at 4 dpi. CONCLUSIONS:There was an early up-regulation of LRR-RKs, different between susceptible and resistant genotypes; subsequently, distinct sets of genes associated with defense response were up-regulated. Differences in expression profiles among the resistant genotypes indicate genotype-specific defense mechanisms. This study also shows a greater resemblance in transcriptomics of HC374 to Nyubai, consistent with their sharing of two FHB resistance QTLs on 3BS and 5AS, compared to Wuhan 1 which carries one QTL on 2DL in common with HC374.

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Targeted and Untargeted Metabolomics Profiling of Wheat Reveals Amino Acids Increase Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight.

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