Dataset Information

Factors associated with stunting among children aged 6-59 months in Bensa District, Sidama Region, South Ethiopia: unmatched case-control study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Stunting remains one of the most common malnutrition problems among children in Ethiopia. Identifying the risk factors of stunting assists health planners to prioritize prevention strategies, and is a fundamental step for intervention. Therefore, this study aimed to assess factors associated with stunting among children aged 6-59 months in Bensa district, Sidama Region, South Ethiopia, 2018.

Methods

A facility-based unmatched case-control study was conducted from January 10 to March 10, 2018, on a sample of 237(79 cases and 158 controls) children aged 6-59 months with their respective mothers/caretakers. Data were collected using a structured, face-to-face interviewer-administered questionnaire and standard physical measurements. The data were entered into EP INFO version 7 and WHO Anthro software and analyzed using SPSS version 20. The variables were entered into the multivariable model using the backward stepwise regression approach. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with stunting. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) and p-value <0.05 was used to declare the significance.

Results

Sex distribution was almost equal (Males = 52.3%, Females = 47.7%).The mean (standard deviation) age of cases and controls was 27.35 (±12.71) and 28.70 (±13.27) months respectively. The risk factors for stunting were diarrhea in the past two weeks (AOR = 2.71, 95% CI: 1.42-5.16), being male (AOR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.224-4.59), inappropriate exclusive breastfeeding (AOR =2.07, 95%CI: 1.07-4.01), having less than or equal to three under-five children in the household (AOR = 2.18, 95%CI: 1.03-4.64), and mothers who had no formal education (AOR =3.28, 95%CI :1.56-6.924).

Conclusions

Diarrhea in the past two weeks, sex of a child, inappropriate exclusive breastfeeding, number of under-five children in the household, and mothers who had no formal education were the risk factors of stunting. Thus organized efforts aimed at focus on prevention of diarrhea as part of an overall public health strategy for improving child health and nutrition. Educating mothers/caretakers on the importance of exclusive breastfeeding should be considered. Moreover, mothers need to be encouraged to space birth between children through the use of family planning services.

SUBMITTER: Tafesse T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8647487 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundStunting is a well-established risk marker of poor child development. Globally in 2017, 155 million children under 5 were estimated to be stunted. While different activities are being done to reduce the burden of stunted growth, the problem is overwhelming in Africa; it was increased by 24%. Therefore, identifying determinants of stunting among children aged 6-59 would help to set priorities for action and to the design of stunting reduction plan at a grassroots level.MethodsThe unmatched case-control study was conducted in randomly selected 8 rural kebeles of Kindo Didaye woreda, Ethiopia from February to April, 2016 to identify the determinants of stunting among children aged 6-59 months. The sampling frame was identified by enumeration of 6-59 months of age children in the entire households of the study area. From which 155 as cases and 310 as controls were chosen using anthropometric measurement based on the median of WHO 2006 reference population. The anthropometric data were analyzed by WHO Anthro 2010 software to generate Z-score values. Odds Ratio along with 95% confidence interval was estimated to identify determinants of stunting using the multivariable logistic regression.ResultsDrinking water from unsafe source (AOR = 7.06, 95% CI; 4.40-20.42),occasionally eating animal source food (AOR = 0.51, 95% CI; 0.02-0.68), ARI in the past two weeks (AOR = 3.04, (95% CI; 1.04-13.35), late initiation of breastfeeding after one hours after birth (AOR = 5.16, 95% CI; 2.24-15.90) and lack of vaccination (AOR = 6.38, 95% CI; 2.54-17.10)were significantly associated with stunting.ConclusionsFactors like exposure to diarrhea disease, exposure to acute respiratory infection, late initiation of breast milk after child breath, squeeze out of 1st breast milk, lack of vaccination, animal source of food, and unsafe source of water for drinking could be used to set priorities for action and to the design of Kindo Didaye woreda plan for stunting reduction down to grassroots level. Therefore, zonal health department and Kindo Didaye woreda health office should promote the importance of colostrums feeding. Drinking water should be decontaminated. Expansion of vaccination program to enhance herd immunity at the community level is important.

Project description:BackgroundChild undernutrition is a major public health problem in Ethiopia despite different nutrition-specific and sensitive interventions implemented by the government. However, evidence regarding the burden and responsible factors is limited in the South Ari district. Hence, this study aimed to assess factors associated with wasting and stunting among children aged 06-59 months in the South Ari district, Southern Ethiopia, 2021.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 11 to April 11, 2021, among 717 households with at least one child aged 06-59 months. Anthropometric measurements were taken using standard procedures and were converted to height for age Z score and weight-for-height using WHO Anthro software Version 3.2.2. Data were checked and entered into Epi-Data Version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS Version 25.0. Binary logistic regression analysis was fitted to identify predictors of wasting and stunting. A p-value < 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance.ResultThe prevalence of wasting and stunting among children aged 06-59 months in the district was 9.1% (95% CI: 7.07%, 11.41%) and 59.97% (95% CI: 56.28%, 63.58%), respectively. Family size (8 and above) (AOR = 3.03, 95% CI: 1.31, 7.03), family size (5 to 7) (AOR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.11, 3.81), poor and medium wealth index (AOR = 3.69, 95% CI: 1.65, 8.26) and (AOR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.01, 5.16), insufficient maternal knowledge on child feeding practice (AOR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.31, 5.07), presence of diarrhea in the past two weeks (AOR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.10, 3.85), non-exclusive breastfeeding (AOR = 2.65, 95% CI: 1.51, 4.65), and birth interval of < 24 months (AOR = 4.49, 95% CI: 2.40, 8.37) were factors significantly associated with wasting. Whereas, children in the age group of 24-59 months (AOR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.58, 3.16), non-exclusive breastfeeding (AOR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.24, 2.65), birth interval of fewer than 24 months (AOR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.11, 2.14), sub-optimal child dietary diversity score (AOR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.22), being a non-beneficiary of productive safety-net program (AOR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.24, 2.95), and household food insecurity (AOR = 2.60, 95% CI: 1.86, 3.64) were factors significantly associated with stunting.ConclusionsWasting and stunting were found to be key public health problems in the South Ari District. Hence, further interventions should consider strategies to enhance household food security and integration of productive safety net programs with primary health care services. Rigorous work is required in advocating and strengthening the provision of family planning services, child care, and integrated management of common childhood illnesses. Moreover, behavioral change communication is highly demanded to improve child feeding practices.

Project description:Background Traditional measurement of vaccine coverage can mask the magnitude of timely uptake of vaccine. Hence, the optimal measurement of timeliness is unclear due to variations in vaccine schedule among countries in the world. In Ethiopia, Oral Polio Virus (OPV), Pentavalent, Tetanus, H. influenza type B, Hepatitis B, and Pneumonia-Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) are basic vaccines which are taken at birth, six weeks, ten weeks, and fourteen weeks respectively. Despite its importance, information is scarce about on-time vaccination in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess prevalence and factors associated with on-time vaccination among children of age 12–23 months in Boricha district, Sidama Ethiopia, in 2019. Methods A community based survey was conducted in Boricha district, Sidama region Ethiopia from January 1–30 in 2019. Study participants were selected using stratified multistage sampling technique. Kebeles were stratified based on residence. First, Kebeles were selected using random sampling. Then, systematic random sampling was employed to reach each household. Data were collected using structured and interviewer administered questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with timely vaccination. Then, independent variables with p-value < 0.25 in COR were fitted further into multivariate logistic regression analysis model to control the possible cofounders. AOR with 95% CI and p-value < 0.05 was computed and reported as the level of statistical significance. Results From a total of 614 study participants, only 609 study participants have responded to questions completely making a response rate of 99.2%. Prevalence of timeliness of vaccination was 26.8% (95% CI: 25, 28) in this study. Factors like children of women with formal education (AOR = 5.3, 95%CI,2.7, 10.4), absence of antenatal care visit (AOR = 4.2,95%CI, 1.8,9.8), home delivery (AOR = 6.2,95%CI,4.0,9.3), lack of postnatal care (AOR = 3.7,95%CI,1.1,13.3), and lack of information about when vaccines completion date (AOR = 2.0, 95% CI,1.13,3.8) were factors influences timely vaccination among children of age 12–23 months. Conclusion Prevalence of on-time vaccination among children of age 12–23 months is lower than national threshold. Therefore, sustained health education on vaccination schedule and reminder strategies should be designed and implemented. Furthermore, maternal and child health care services should be enhanced and coordinated to improve on-time uptake of vaccine. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-023-04234-4.

Project description:In nations like Ethiopia, vaccination rates are low despite being one of the most effective public health treatments to protect infants from common infectious diseases that can be prevented by immunization. In Worebabo District, the reasons of the underutilization of vaccination programs are poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to identify determinants of incomplete childhood vaccination in the study setting. Community based unmatched case-control study was carried out among 441 mothers of children aged 12–23 months old (147 cases and 294 controls) in Worebabo District, Ethiopia from March 1—April 30, 2020. Using a multistage sampling process, mothers were chosen. Health professionals were trained to collect data using a pre-tested standardized questionnaire. Data entered into Epi Info version 7.2 and put through statistical analysis in SPSS version 23. Binary logistic regression was performed to determine the odds ratio with a 95%CL. A p-value of under 0.05 was estimated statistically significant. The study found that older moms (>35 years old) were more likely than younger mothers to fail to properly immunize their children (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.09, 5.28). In addition, mothers with incomplete vaccinations had lower knowledge of the benefits of vaccination (AOR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.20, 3.39), Negative attitudes towards immunization (AOR = 4.9, 95% CI: 2.82, 8.49), less access to prenatal care (AOR = 3.68, 95% CI: 1.58, 8.54), home delivery (AOR = 5.47, 95% CI: 2.58)., 11.58), absent home visits (AOR = 3.56, 95% CI: 1.69, 7.48), and longer time to reach vaccination site (>1 h) (AOR = 10.07)., 95% CI: 1.75, 57.79) were found associated with mother incomplete vaccination of the child. Mothers being older age, less access to antenatal care services, place of home delivery, longer time to reach vaccination site, negative attitude and poor knowledge towards the benefit of vaccination were associated with mothers’ incomplete vaccination of the child. Therefore, health professionals should inform and counsel mothers about the advantages of childhood immunization as well as the consequences of incomplete or not vaccination of children at the time of the facility visit and by community health workers during the routine home visit.

Project description:IntroductionStunting and anaemia, two severe public health problems, affect a significant number of children under the age of five. To date, the burden of and predictive factors for coexisting forms of stunting and anaemia in childhood have not been well documented in Ethiopia, where both the conditions are endemic. The primary aims of the present study were to: (i) determine the prevalence of co-morbid anaemia and stunting (CAS); (ii) and identify factors associated with these co-morbid conditions among children aged 6-59 months in Ethiopia.MethodsThe study was based on data from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS 2005-2016). The EDHS was a cross-sectional study that used a two-stage stratified cluster sampling technique to select households. A total weighted sample of 21,172 children aged 6-59 months was included in the current study (EDHS-2005 (n = 3898), EDHS-2011 (n = 8943), and EDHS-2016 (n = 8332)). Children with height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) less than -2 SD were classified as stunted. Anaemia status was measured by haemoglobin level with readings below 11.0 g/deciliter (g/dL) categorized as anaemic. A multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with CAS. The findings from the models were reported as adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsAlmost half of the children were males (51.1%) and the majority were from rural areas (89.2%). The prevalence of CAS was 24.4% [95% CI: (23.8-24.9)]. Multivariate analyses revealed that children aged 12-23 months, 24-35 months, and 36-59 months, and children perceived by their mothers to be smaller than normal at birth had higher odds of CAS. The odds of CAS were significantly higher among children born to anaemic mothers [AOR: 1.25, 95% CI: (1.11-1.41)], mothers with very short stature [AOR: 2.04, 95% CI: (1.44-2.91)], children from households which practiced open defecation [AOR: 1.57, 95% CI: (1.27-1.92)], children born to mothers without education [AOR: 3.66, 95% CI: (1.85-7.22)], and those who reside in rural areas [AOR: 1.41, 95% CI: (1.10, 1.82)]. Male children had 19% lower odds of having CAS compared to female children [AOR: 0.81, 95% CI: (0.73-0.91)]. Children born to mothers who had normal body mass index (BMI) [AOR: 0.82, 95%CI: (0.73-0.92)] reported lower odds of CAS.ConclusionsOne in four preschool-age children in Ethiopia had co-morbid anaemia and stunting, which is a significant public health problem. Future interventions to reduce CAS in Ethiopia should target those children perceived to be small at birth, anaemic mothers, and mothers with short stature.

Project description:Background:Stunting and anemia are long-standing public health challenges which adversely affects the cognitive development and physical wellbeing of children in low income settings. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of stunting and anemia among 6-23?months old children in Damot Sore District, Southern Ethiopia. Methods:Cross-sectional survey was conducted among 477 children aged 6-23?months, which were living in Damot Sore District, in April 2017. A multistage sampling technique was used. Villages were randomly selected and systematic random sampling method was used to select study participants. Data on socio-demographic, anthropometric, dietary, blood samples for hemoglobin were collected. Data were entered into EPI Data V. 3.1 and exported into SPSS Version 21.0 for analysis. A principal component analysis (PCA) was done to generate wealth score of households. Binary logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with the outcome variables (stunting and anemia) separately, those variables having less than a p-value of 0.25 were chosen as candidate for multivariable analyses and finally multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify independent variables of each outcomes, with statistical significance set at p?<?0.05 (95% confidence interval (CI)). Results:Out of 477 children studied, 31.7% were stunted and 52% were anemic. In the multivariable analyses, the number of under five children within a household (AOR?=?4.18, 95% CI: 2.65-6.57), drinking water from unsafe source (AOR?=?4.08, 95% CI: 1.33-12.54) and anemia (AOR?=?3.13, 95% CI 2.00-4.92) were factors significantly associated with stunting. On the other hand, independent variables of anemia were early initiation of complementary feeding (AOR?=?2.96, 95% CI: 1.23-4.85), poor dietary diversity (AOR?=?2.95, 95% CI: 1.78-4.91), poor breast feeding practice (AOR?=?2.94, 95% CI: 1.63-5.32) and stunting (AOR?=?3.65, 95% CI: 2.15-6.19). Conclusion:This study revealed higher level of stunting and anemia among children aged 6-23?months than WHO (world health organization) criteria of public health importance. Sustainable promotion of diversified diet, optimal complementary feeding, optimal and complementary breast feeding practices, improving sanitation infrastructure are measures needed to tackle these severe public health challenges.

Project description:BackgroundPrior studies reported controversial results about the association between intestinal parasitic infections and childhood under-nutrition. We investigated the association of intestinal parasitic infections with under-nutrition among children aged 6-59 months in Boricha Woreda, Southern Ethiopia.MethodsThis community-based prospective cross-sectional study was carried out from January 1-30, 2019 among 622 children aged 6-59 months. A two-stage stratified sampling procedure was used. Data were collected using a structured, face-to-face interviewer-administered questionnaire and standard anthropometric measurements. The stool specimens were collected using standard technique and examined for the existence and species of intestinal parasites using direct wet mount, Kato Katz and staining technique. We have entered data using Epi Data 3.1 and WHO Anthro software and all analyses were conducted using SPSS version 20. The descriptive analyses were done to find descriptive measures for the socio-demographic and other important variables. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with under-nutrition. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were computed to assess the presence and strength of associations.ResultsThe total prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was 48.7% (95% CI, 44.77-52.62). Approximately one-fourth (22%) of the children were infected with moderate intensity infections. Prevalence of stunting, underweight, wasting were 39.3, 24 and 11.6%, respectively. The prevalence of stunting among children infected with the intestinal parasite (59.4%) was significantly higher than the prevalence in non-infected children (20.6%) (p < 0.001). The absence of sanitation facility, living in medium and large family size, lack of shoes wearing practice, consuming raw vegetables and fruits were positively associated with intestinal parasitic infections. The presence of intestinal parasitic infections was positively associated with stunting (AOR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.36-3.50) but not with wasting (AOR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.3-1.13) and underweight (AOR: 0.92, 95% CI = 0.55-1.54).ConclusionsUnder-nutrition and intestinal parasitic infections were serious public health concerns. Consolidating the prevailing water, sanitation and hygiene packages and routine deworming of children aged 6-59 months may aid to decrease the burden of both stunting and intestinal parasitic infection in children. Also, improving modern contraceptive methods utilization to reduce family size is recommended.