Dataset Information

Race Differences in Interventions and Survival After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in North Carolina, 2010 to 2014.

ABSTRACT: Background Following the implementation of the HeartRescue project, with interventions in the community, emergency medical services, and hospitals to improve care and outcomes for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) in North Carolina, improved bystander and first responder treatments as well as survival were observed. This study aimed to determine whether these improvements were consistent across Black versus White individuals. Methods and Results Using the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (CARES), we identified OHCA from 16 counties in North Carolina (population 3 million) from 2010 to 2014. Temporal changes in interventions and outcomes were assessed using multilevel multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for patient and socioeconomic neighborhood-level factors. Of 7091 patients with OHCA, 36.5% were Black and 63.5% were White. Black patients were younger, more females, had more unwitnessed arrests and non-shockable rhythm (Black: 81.0%; White: 75.4%). From 2010 to 2014, the adjusted probabilities of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) went from 38.5% to 51.2% in White, P<0.001; and 36.9% to 45.6% in Black, P=0.002, and first-responder defibrillation went from 13.2% to 17.2% in White, P=0.002; and 14.7% to 17.3% in Black, P=0.16. From 2010 to 2014, survival to discharge only increased in White (8.0% to 11.4%, P=0.004; Black 8.9% to 9.5%, P=0.60), though, in shockable patients the probability of survival to discharge went from 24.8% to 34.6% in White, P=0.02; and 21.7% to 29.0% in Black, P=0. 10. Conclusions After the HeartRescue program, bystander CPR and first-responder defibrillation increased in both patient groups; however, survival only increased significantly for White patients.

SUBMITTER: Moeller S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8649293 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Race Differences in Interventions and Survival After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in North Carolina, 2010 to 2014.

Moeller Sidsel S Hansen Carolina M CM Kragholm Kristian K Dupre Matt E ME Sasson Comilla C Pearson David A DA Tyson Clark C Jollis James G JG Monk Lisa L Starks Monique A MA McNally Bryan B Thomas Kevin L KL Becker Lance L Torp-Pedersen Christian C Granger Christopher B CB

Journal of the American Heart Association 20210825 17

Background Following the implementation of the HeartRescue project, with interventions in the community, emergency medical services, and hospitals to improve care and outcomes for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) in North Carolina, improved bystander and first responder treatments as well as survival were observed. This study aimed to determine whether these improvements were consistent across Black versus White individuals. Methods and Results Using the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance ...[more]

PMID: 34431375

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Project description:ImportanceOut-of-hospital cardiac arrest is a common scenario facing prehospital emergency medical services (EMS) professionals and nearly always involves either manual or mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Mechanical CPR devices are expensive and prior clinical trials have not provided evidence of benefit for patients when compared with manual CPR.ObjectivesTo investigate the use of mechanical CPR in the prehospital setting and determine whether patient demographic characteristics or geographical location is associated with its use.Design, setting, and participantsA retrospective cross-sectional study was performed using the 2010 through 2016 National Emergency Medical Services Information System data. Participants included all patients identified by EMS professionals as having out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.Main outcomes and measuresUse of CPR, categorized as manual or mechanical.ResultsFrom 2010 to 2016, 892 022 patients (38.6% female, 60.4% male, missing for 1%; mean [SD] age, 61.1 [20.5] years) with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest were identified by EMS professionals. Overall, manual CPR was used for 618 171 patients (69.3%) and mechanical CPR was used for 45 493 patients (5.1%). The risk-standardized rate of mechanical CPR use, accounting for patient demographic and geographical characteristics, rose from 1.9% in 2010 to 8.0% in 2016 (P < .001). In multivariable analyses, use of mechanical CPR devices was increasingly likely over time among patients identified with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest treated by EMS professionals, increasing from an adjusted odds ratio of 1.58 (95% CI, 1.42-1.77; P < .001) when comparing 2011 with 2010, to an adjusted odds ratio of 11.32 (95% CI, 10.22-12.54; P < .001) when comparing 2016 with 2010. In addition, several other patient demographic and geographical characteristics were associated with a higher likelihood of receiving mechanical CPR, including being 65 years or older, being male, being Hispanic, as well as receiving treatment in the Northeast Census Region, in a suburban location, or in a zip code with a median annual income greater than $20 000.Conclusions and relevanceMechanical CPR device use increased more than 4-fold among patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest treated by EMS professionals. Given the high costs of mechanical CPR devices, better evidence is needed to determine whether these devices improve clinically meaningful outcomes for patients treated for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest by prehospital EMS professionals to justify the significant increase in their use.

Project description:Background For individuals with an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), survival may be influenced by the neighborhood in which the arrest occurs. Methods and Results Within the national CARES (Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival) registry, we identified 169 502 patients with OHCA from 2013 to 2017. On the basis of census tract data, OHCAs were categorized as occurring in predominantly white (>80% white), majority black (>50% black), or integrated (neither of these 2) neighborhoods and in low-income (median household <$40 000), middle-income ($40 000 to $80 000), or high-income (>$80 000) neighborhoods. With hierarchical logistic regression, the association of neighborhood race and income on overall survival was assessed. Overall, 37.5%, 16.6%, and 45.9% of people had an OHCA in predominantly white, majority black, and integrated neighborhoods, and 30.1%, 53.4%, and 16.5% in low-, middle-, and high-income neighborhoods, respectively. Compared with OHCAs occurring in predominantly white neighborhoods, those in majority black neighborhoods were 12% less likely (6.9% versus 10.6%; adjusted odds ratio 0.88; 95% CI 0.82-0.95; P<0.001) to survive to discharge, whereas those in integrated neighborhoods had similar survival (10.3% versus 10.6%; adjusted odds ratio 1.00; 95% CI 0.96-1.04; P=0.93). Compared with high-income neighborhoods, those in middle-income neighborhoods were 11% (10.1% versus 11.3%; adjusted odds ratio 0.89; 95% CI 0.8-0.94; P<0.001) less likely to survive to discharge, whereas those in low-income neighborhoods were 12% (8.6% versus 11.3%; adjusted odds ratio 95% CI 0.83-0.94; P<0.001) less likely to survive. Differential rates of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation only modestly attenuated neighborhood differences in survival. Conclusions OHCAs in majority black and non-high-income neighborhoods have lower survival rates, and these differences were not explained by differential bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation rates.

Project description:BackgroundThere is a well-established need for population-based screening strategies to identify people at risk of suicide. Because only about half of suicide decedents are ever diagnosed with a behavioral health condition, it may be necessary for providers to consider life circumstances that may also put individuals at risk. This study described the alignment of medical diagnoses with life circumstances by identifying suicide typologies among decedents. Demographics, stressful life events, suicidal behavior, perceived and diagnosed health problems, and suicide method contributed to the typologies.MethodsThis study linked North Carolina Medicaid and North Carolina Violent Death Reporting System (NC-VDRS) data for analysis in 2020. For suicide decedents from 2014 to 2017 aged 25-54 years, we analyzed 12 indicators of life circumstances from NC-VDRS and 6 indicators from Medicaid claims, using a latent class model. Separate models were developed for men and women.ResultsMost decedents were White (88.3%), with a median age of 41, and over 70% had a health care visit in the 90 days prior to suicide. Two typologies were identified in both males (n = 175) and females (n = 153). Both typologies had similar profiles of life circumstances, but one had high probabilities of diagnosed behavioral health conditions (45% of men, 71% of women), compared to low probabilities in the other (55% of men, 29% of women). Black beneficiaries and men who died by firearm were over-represented in the less-diagnosed class, though estimates were imprecise (odds ratio for Black men: 3.1, 95% confidence interval: 0.8, 12.4; odds ratio for Black women: 5.0, 95% confidence interval: 0.9, 31.2; odds ratio for male firearm decedents: 1.6, 95% confidence interval: 0.7, 3.4).ConclusionsNearly half of suicide decedents have a typology characterized by low probability of diagnosis of behavioral health conditions. Suicide screening could likely be enhanced using improved indicators of lived experience and behavioral health.

Dataset Information

Race Differences in Interventions and Survival After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in North Carolina, 2010 to 2014.

Publications

Race Differences in Interventions and Survival After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in North Carolina, 2010 to 2014.

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