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Strategies for chemical vapor deposition of two-dimensional organic-inorganic halide perovskites.

ABSTRACT: Two-dimensional (2D) organic-inorganic halide perovskites (OIHPs) with an alternating stacked structure of an organic layer and an inorganic layer draw significant attention for photovoltaics, multiple quantum-well, and passivation of three-dimensional perovskites. Although the low-cost and simple spin-coating process of these materials offers a vast platform to study fundamental properties and help them achieve rapid progress in electronics and optoelectronics, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth is also necessary for large-area, epitaxial, selective, and conformal growth. Here, one-step CVD strategies for 2D OIHP growth are proposed, and the growth trends depending on the precursor and substrate conditions are discussed. We report a CVD-grown nontoxic, lead-free 2D tin-OIHP flake to show the system offering a universal route to synthesize perovskite crystals based on arbitrary organic and inorganic components.

SUBMITTER: Ham A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8649807 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Predictions of moire excitons in twisted two-dimensional organic-inorganic halide perovskites.

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Mixed Two-Dimensional Organic-Inorganic Halide Perovskites for Highly Efficient and Stable Photovoltaic Application.

Project description:Solar cells made of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite (HOIP) materials have attracted ever-increasing attention due to their high efficiency and easy fabrication. However, issues regarding their poor stability remain a challenge for practical applications. Engineering the composition and structure of HOIP can effectively enhance the thermal stability and improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE). In this work, mixed two-dimensional (2D) HOIPs are systematically investigated for solar-power harvesting using first-principles calculations. We find that their electronic properties depend strongly on the mixed atoms (Cs, Rb, Ge and Pb) and the formation energy is related to the HOIP's composition, where the atoms are more easily mixed in SnI-2D-HOIPs due to low formation energy at the same composition ratio. We further show that optimal solar energy harvesting can be achieved on the solar cells composed of mixed SnI-2D-HOIPs because of reduced bandgaps, enhanced mobility and improved stability. Importantly, we find that the mixed atoms (Cs, Rb, Ge and Pb) with the appropriate composition ratios can effectively enhance the solar-to-power efficiency and show greatly improved resistance to moisture. The findings demonstrate that mixed 2D-HOIPs can replace the bulk HOIPs or pure 2D-HOIPs for applications into solar cells with high efficiency and stability.

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Project description:Two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper organic-inorganic hybrid layered perovskites (2D RPs) are solution-grown semiconductors with prospective applications in next-generation optoelectronics. The heat-carrying, low-energy acoustic phonons, which are important for heat management of 2D RP-based devices, have remained unexplored. Here we report on the generation and propagation of coherent longitudinal acoustic phonons along the cross-plane direction of 2D RPs, following separate characterizations of below-bandgap refractive indices. Through experiments on single crystals of systematically varied perovskite layer thickness, we demonstrate significant reduction in both group velocity and propagation length of acoustic phonons in 2D RPs as compared to the three-dimensional methylammonium lead iodide counterpart. As borne out by a minimal coarse-grained model, these vibrational properties arise from a large acoustic impedance mismatch between the alternating layers of perovskite sheets and bulky organic cations. Our results inform on thermal transport in highly impedance-mismatched crystal sub-lattices and provide insights towards design of materials that exhibit highly anisotropic thermal dissipation properties.

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