Dataset Information

Protocol for a systematic review on systemic and skin toxicity of important hazardous hair and nail cosmetic ingredients in hairdressers.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Hairdressers constitute a major subgroup in the service sector. They are exposed to various substances hazardous for skin, airways or systemically. Accordingly, skin and other occupational diseases are common. The present systematic review will compile and appraise evidence regarding skin, systemic and airways toxicity of an indicative set of specific, important product ingredients. Additionally, evidence concerning hand eczema morbidity among hairdressers will be reviewed.

Methods and analysis

Systematic searches will be performed in two electronic literature databases (Medline, Web of Science-Core Collection), the Cochrane register and two collections of toxicological dossiers (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety of the European Commission and the MAK Commission of the German Research Council). Additional literature sources will be retrieved using hand search of reference lists of included studies and snowballing methods. We will include studies with all types of quantitative study designs, including results from in vitro and in vivo experiments, chemical analysis, epidemiological findings and clinical results. We will assess the risk of bias within studies amalgamating an abbreviated version of the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool, basic Cochrane criteria and US Environmental Protection Agency assessment factors for scientific information. As we expect large heterogeneity in methods and outcomes, we will conduct a narrative synthesis of results instead of a meta-analysis, except where quantitative pooling is feasible.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval and patient consent are not required as this is a systematic review based on published studies. The results of this study will be published in international peer-reviewed journals.

Prospero registration number

CRD42021238118.

SUBMITTER: Uter W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8650303 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:IntroductionExposure to hazardous chemicals released during hairdressing activities from hair care products puts hairdressers at risk of adverse health effects. Safety assessments of hair products are mainly focused on consumers, but exposure for professional hairdressers might be substantially higher.ObjectiveTo identify and assess available research data on inhalation exposures of professional hairdressers.MethodsA systematic search of studies between 1 January 2000 and 30 April 2021 was performed in Medline, Embase, Web of Science and in Cochrane registry, toxicological dossiers of the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) of the European Commission as well as the German MAK Commission. Studies reporting quantitative data on airborne concentrations of chemicals in the hairdresser's workplace were considered. The outcome was an airborne concentration of chemicals in the working environment, which was compared, when possible, with current occupational exposure limits (OEL) or guidance levels.ResultsIn total, 23 studies performed in 14 countries were included. The average number of hairdressing salons per study was 22 (range 1-62). Chemicals most frequently measured were formaldehyde (n = 8), ammonia (n = 5), total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) (n = 5), and toluene (n = 4). More than fifty other chemicals were measured in one to three studies, including various aromatic and aliphatic organic solvents, hydrogen peroxide, persulfate, and particulate matter. Most studies reported environmental air concentrations, while personal exposure was measured only in seven studies. The measured air concentrations of formaldehyde, ammonia, and TVOC exceeded OEL or guidance values in some studies. There was large variability in measuring conditions and reported air concentrations differed strongly within and between studies.ConclusionHairdressers are exposed to a wide spectrum of hazardous chemicals, often simultaneously. Airborne concentrations of pollutants depend on salon characteristics such as ventilation and the number of customers but also on used products that are often country- or client-specific. For exposure to formaldehyde, ammonia, and TVOC exceeding OELs or guidance values for indoor air was observed. Therefore, occupational exposure should be taken into account by safety regulations for hair care products.