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PharmGKB, an Integrated Resource of Pharmacogenomic Knowledge.

ABSTRACT: The Pharmacogenomics Knowledgebase (PharmGKB) is an integrated online knowledge resource for the understanding of how genetic variation contributes to variation in drug response. Our focus includes not only pharmacogenomic information useful for clinical implementation (e.g., drug dosing guidelines and annotated drug labels), but also information to catalyze scientific research and drug discovery (e.g., variant-drug annotations and drug-centered pathways). As of April 2021, the annotated content of PharmGKB spans 715 drugs, 1761 genes, 227 diseases, 165 clinical guidelines, and 784 drug labels. We have manually curated data from more than 9000 published papers to generate the content of PharmGKB. Recently, we have also implemented an automated natural language processing (NLP) tool to broaden our coverage of the pharmacogenomic literature. This article contains a basic protocol describing how to navigate the PharmGKB website to retrieve information on how genes and genetic variations affect drug efficacy and toxicity. It also includes a protocol on how to use PharmGKB to facilitate interpretation of findings for a pharmacogenomic variant genotype or metabolizer phenotype. PharmGKB is freely available at http://www.pharmgkb.org. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Navigating the homepage of PharmGKB and searching by drug Basic Protocol 2: Using PharmGKB to facilitate interpretation of pharmacogenomic variant genotypes or metabolizer phenotypes.

SUBMITTER: Gong L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8650697 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:(1) Background: As prescribers, physicians play a decisive role in applying and promoting pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing in clinical practices. So far, little is known about physicians' perspectives on PGx testing in China. The aim of this study was to assess physicians' knowledge of, attitude towards, and experience of PGx testing in China. (2) Methods: A 39-question online survey was developed. Participants were physicians recruited through two platforms, MEDLINKER and "Dazhuanjia". (3) Results: A total of 450 respondents completed the survey and 366 questionnaires were eligible for analysis based on the inclusion criteria. Among all included physicians, 275 (75.1%) had heard of PGx testing before. More than half rated their knowledge of PGx testing as "Fair" (61.5%) while 20.0% chose "Excellent" or "Good" and 18.6% chose "Poor" or "Terrible". "Guidelines, consensus, and treatment paths for disease diagnosis and treatment" (72.7%) were the most preferred sources of information about PGx testing. Respondents were confident in their personal capacity to conduct PGx, with an average score of 3.30 ± 0.09 (out of 5.00). Most respondents (75.6%) believed that PGx could "help to improve efficacy and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions". Targeted cancer therapy (score 78.95 ± 1.26 out of 100) was considered the field where PGx testing had its highest value. Lack of professionals and knowledge (n = 186, 67.6%), high costs of testing (n = 170, 61.8%), and lack of hospitals to offer PGx testing (n = 166, 60.4%) were identified as the primary obstacles to increasing the uptake of PGx testing in China. Academic conference (n = 213, 72.4%) was considered the most efficient way for physicians to obtain information about PGx testing. (4) Conclusions: Physicians in China have poor knowledge about PGx testing; nonetheless, they generally had confidence in their capacity to order PGx testing and positive attitudes towards the use of PGx testing in routine clinical practices. Future efforts to promote the uptake of PGx testing should focus on foundational education and practical training.

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PharmGKB, an Integrated Resource of Pharmacogenomic Knowledge.

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