Exploring the impact of gut microbiota and diet on breast cancer risk and progression.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Teng NMY
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8650995 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Dietary habits have been proven to help alter the composition of gut microbiota, and exploring the impact of nutritional patterns on gut microbiota changes can help protect gut health. However, few studies have focused on the dietary impact on the gut microbiota over an experimental timeframe. In this study, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was employed to investigate the gut microbiota of mice under different dietary patterns, including AIN-93G diet (Control), high protein diet (HPD), high fiber diet (HFD), and switch diet (Switch). The alpha diversity of the HPD group significantly decreased, but HFD can restore this decline. During HPD, some genera were significantly upregulated (e.g., Feacalibaculum) and downregulated (e.g., Parabacteroides). However, after receiving HFD, other genera were upregulated (e.g., Akkermansia) and downregulated (e.g., Lactobacillus). In addition, the interaction between pathogenic bacteria was more pronounced during HPD, while the main effect was probiotics during HFD. In conclusion, the plasticity exhibited by the gut microbiota was subject to dietary influences, wherein disparate dietary regimens hold pivotal significance in upholding the well-being of the host. Therefore, our findings provide new ideas and references for the relationship between diets and gut microbiota.
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Project description:ObjectiveTamoxifen is an effective anti-tumor medicine, but evidence has been provided on tamoxifen-related inflammation as well as its impact on gut microbiota. In this study, we aimed to investigate tamoxifen-induced gut microbiota and inflammation alteration.MethodsWe established a BC xenograft mouse model using the MCF-7 cell line. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to investigate gut microbiota. qRT-PCR, western blotting, and cytometric bead array were used to investigate inflammation-related biomarkers. Various bioinformatic approaches were used to analyze the data.ResultsSignificant differences in gut microbial composition, characteristic taxa, and microbiome phenotype prediction were observed between control, model, and tamoxifen-treated mice. Furthermore, protein expression of IL-6 and TLR5 was up-regulated in tamoxifen-treated mice, while the mRNA of Tlr5 and Il-6, as well as protein expression of IL-6 and TLR5 in the model group, were down-regulated in the colon. The concentration of IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL12P70 in serum was up-regulated in tamoxifen-treated mice. Moreover, correlation-based clustering analysis demonstrated that inflammation-negatively correlated taxa, including Lachnospiraceae-UCG-006 and Anaerotruncus, were enriched in the model group, while inflammation-positively correlated taxa, including Prevotellaceae_UCG_001 and Akkermansia, were enriched in the tamoxifen-treated group. Finally, colon histologic damage was observed in tamoxifen-treated mice.ConclusionTamoxifen treatment significantly altered gut microbiota and increased inflammation in the breast cancer xenograft mice model. This may be related to tamoxifen-induced intestinal epithelial barrier damage and TLR5 up-regulation.
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Project description:Urbanization has changed life styles of the children in some towns and cities on Leyte island in the Philippines. To evaluate the impact of modernization in dietary habits on gut microbiota, we compared fecal microbiota of 7 to 9-year-old children from rural Baybay city (n = 24) and urban Ormoc city (n = 19), and assessed the correlation between bacterial composition and diet. A dietary survey indicated that Ormoc children consumed fast food frequently and more meat and confectionary than Baybay children, suggesting modernization/westernization of dietary habits. Fat intake accounted for 27.2% of the total energy intake in Ormoc children; this was remarkably higher than in their Baybay counterparts (18.1%) and close to the upper limit (30%) recommended by the World Health Organization. Their fecal microbiota were analyzed by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing in conjunction with a dataset from five other Asian countries. Their microbiota were classified into two enterotype-like clusters with the other countries' children, each defined by high abundance of either Prevotellaceae (P-type) or Bacteroidaceae (BB-type), respectively. Baybay and Ormoc children mainly harbored P-type and BB-type, respectively. Redundancy analysis showed that P-type favored carbohydrates whereas BB-type preferred fats. Fat intake correlated positively with the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio and negatively with the relative abundance of the family Prevotellaceae/genus Prevotella. A species-level analysis suggested that dietary fat positively correlated with an Oscillibacter species as well as a series of Bacteroides/Parabacteroides species, whereas dietary carbohydrate positively correlated with Dialister succinatiphilus known as succinate-utilizing bacteria and some succinate-producing species of family Prevotellaceae, Veillonellaceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae. We also found that a Succinivibrio species was overrepresented in the P-type community, suggesting the syntroph via hydrogen and succinate. Predicted metagenomics suggests that BB-type microbiota is well nourished and metabolically more active with simple sugars, amino acids, and lipids, while P-type community is more involved in digestion of complex carbohydrates. Overweight and obese children living in Ormoc, who consumed a high-fat diet, harbored microbiota with higher F/B ratio and low abundance of Prevotella. The altered gut microbiota may be a sign of a modern diet-associated obesity among children in developing areas.
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