Just noticeable differences for elbow joint torque feedback.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Kim H
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8651665 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:PurposeTo determine whether elbow torque was associated with anatomic adaptations of the medial elbow following a season of competitive pitching.MethodsPitchers from 3 collegiate baseball teams were recruited during the preseason for participation. Before the season, pitchers were recorded throwing 5 "game-speed" fastball pitches from a standard distance off a mound while wearing a wearable sensor baseball compression sleeve that calculates elbow torque, arm speed, arm slot, and arm rotation. Participants subsequently underwent dynamic ultrasound imaging of the medial elbow, including measurements of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) and ulnohumeral joint space to assess elbow laxity. Following a full season of competitive pitching, all testing was repeated, and statistical analysis comparing preseason to postseason sonographic findings was performed.ResultsTwenty-eight collegiate pitchers underwent preseason sonographic and kinematic testing. Nineteen pitchers were available for postseason testing. The average age (standard deviation) and playing experience was 19.9 (1.2) and 14.7 (1.5) years. Compared with preseason, there were significant increases in postseason UCL thickness (1.92 ± 0.09 vs 1.56 ± 0.09 mm, P < .01) and elbow laxity (1.77 ± 0.23 vs 1.15 ± 0.22 mm, P = .028) after a season of pitching. No significant changes in pitching kinematic measurements were observed between preseason and postseason testing. Preseason pitching kinematic measurements were significantly associated with increased UCL thickness (arm slot: beta estimate -0.03 ± 0.01, P = .011) and reduction in elbow laxity (elbow torque: beta estimate -0.03 ± 0.01, P = .04) after a season of pitching. Pitchers with increased body weight and arm length demonstrated reduced medial elbow torque during pitching (P < .05).ConclusionsAfter a season of competitive pitching, adaptive changes of the medial elbow were demonstrated on dynamic ultrasound. However, the influence of pitching kinematic measurements on these adaptations are of small magnitude and unknown clinical significance. Although wearable sensor technology may have value in trending individual pitcher kinematics, no discrete threshold appears to predict the development of adaptive changes at the elbow.Level of evidenceLevel II, prospective observational study.
| S-EPMC8689260 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Synovial joints are among the most important structures that give us complex motor abilities as humans. Degenerative joint diseases, such as arthritis, cause loss of normal joint functioning and affect over 40 million people in the USA and approximately 350 million people worldwide. Therapies based on regenerative medicine hold the promise of effectively repairing or replacing damaged joints permanently. Here, for the first time, we introduce a model for synovial joint regeneration utilizing the chick embryo. In this model, a block of tissue that contains the prospective elbow is excised, leaving a window with strips of anterior and posterior tissue intact (window excision, WE). In contrast, we also slice out the same area containing the elbow and the distal piece of the limb is pinned back onto the stump (slice excision, SE). Interestingly, when the elbow is removed via WE, regeneration of the joint takes place, whereas the elbow joint does not regenerate following SE. In order to investigate whether the regeneration response recapitulates the developmental program of forming joints, we used GDF-5 and Autotaxin (Atx) as joint tissue specific markers, and Sox-9 and Col-9 as cartilage markers for in situ hybridization on sections at different time points after WE and SE surgeries. Re-expression of GDF-5 and Atx is observed in the WE samples by 60h after surgery. In contrast, the majority of the samples that underwent SE surgery did not express GDF-5 and Atx. Also, in SE fusion of cartilage elements takes place and the joint interzone does not form. This is indicated by continuous Col-9 expression in SE limbs, whereas Col-9 is downregulated at the joint interzone in the regenerating WE samples. This order and pattern of gene expression observed in regenerates is similar to the development of a joint suggesting that regeneration recapitulates development at the molecular level. This model defines some of the conditions required for inducing joint regeneration in an otherwise nonregenerating environment. This knowledge can be useful for designing new therapeutic approaches for joint loss or for conditions affecting joint integrity in humans.
| S-EPMC3501998 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The joint capsule is a key component in posttraumatic joint contractures. The capsule is described as thickened, but little data exist supporting the observation. Our hypotheses were that mRNA levels of (1) collagen; (2) decorin and biglycan; (3) matrix metalloproteinases; and (4) tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases were significantly elevated in anterior joint capsules obtained from 11 patients having surgery for posttraumatic contractures when compared with nine elbows, from organ donors, that were free of contractures. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate mRNA expression normalized to a housekeeping gene, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. In the joint capsules of the patients with elbow contractures, relative mRNA levels were increased for: collagen Types I, III, and V (1.5-2.5 times); biglycan (1.5 times); and matrix metalloproteinases-1, -2, -9, -13, and -15 (1.6-3.9 times). In contrast, expression of tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases-1, -2, and -4 were decreased (1/3-3/4 times) in the capsules of patients with contractures. There was no difference between the groups in relative mRNA expression for decorin, matrix metalloproteinases-8, -14 and -16, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-3. The results indicate that joint capsule matrix molecule mRNA levels are altered in the chronic stages of posttraumatic elbow contractures in humans, potentially creating an environment with high matrix turnover rates.
| S-EPMC2950173 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The self-synchronization of spin torque oscillators is investigated experimentally by re-injecting its radiofrequency (rf) current after a certain delay time. We demonstrate that the integrated power and spectral linewidth are improved for optimal delays. Moreover by varying the phase difference between the emitted power and the re-injected one, we find a clear oscillatory dependence on the phase difference with a 2? periodicity of the frequency of the oscillator as well as its power and linewidth. Such periodical behavior within the self-injection regime is well described by the general model of nonlinear auto-oscillators including not only a delayed rf current but also all spin torque forces responsible for the self-synchronization. Our results reveal new approaches for controlling the non-autonomous dynamics of spin torque oscillators, a key issue for rf spintronics applications as well as for the development of neuro-inspired spin-torque oscillators based devices.
| S-EPMC4886513 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Gold(iii) complexes are garnering increasing interest for opto-electronic, therapeutic and catalytic applications. But so far, very little is known about the factors controlling their reactivity and the very influence of the ancillary ligand. This article reports the first comprehensive study on this topic. The reactivity of a cationic (N,C) gold(iii) complex, namely 1A, towards ethylene has been thoroughly studied and compared with that of the related (P,C) complex 1C. A cationic gold(iii) complex 5A resulting from double insertion of ethylene was selectively obtained. Complex 5A was found to be remarkably stable. It was trapped with chloride and fully characterized. In marked contrast to that observed with 1C, no ?-H elimination or linear-to-branched rearrangement of the alkyl chain occurred with 1A. The energy profile for the reactions of 1A with ethylene has been comprehensively investigated computationally, and the influence of the ancillary ligand has been precisely delineated. Because nitrogen is a weaker donor than carbon (and phosphorus), the (N,C) ligand is very electronically dissymmetric, much more than the (P,C) ligand. This makes the two reactive sites at gold quite different, which noticeably influences the competition between migratory insertion and ?-H elimination, and actually changes the outcome of the olefin insertion at gold. This study provides valuable insight into the influence of ancillary ligands on gold(iii) reactivity, something critical to further develop Au(iii) and Au(i)/Au(iii) catalysis.
| S-EPMC5941201 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be useful to diagnose a posterolateral plica syndrome of the elbow joint because this syndrome has less clear clinical features. The purposes of this study were to document mediolateral and sagittal dimensions of a posterolateral synovial fold and to determine the proportion of subjects with the posterolateral plica in asymptomatic elbows. We also aimed to determine whether the dimensions of the posterolateral synovial fold and the prevalence of the plica differ between symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects.Materials and methodsThis retrospective review of prospectively collected data included 50 asymptomatic elbows (asymptomatic group) and 14 elbows with arthroscopically confirmed posterolateral plicae (plica group). The mediolateral and sagittal dimensions of the posterolateral synovial fold were measured. In addition, the criteria for the prevalence of posterolateral plica was determined with conventional MRI as synovial fold dimension ? 3 mm and coverage of radial head by synovial fold ? 30%.ResultsThe plica group showed larger posterolateral synovial fold dimensions compared to the asymptomatic group. The median mediolateral and sagittal dimensions of the synovial fold in the asymptomatic group were 3.8 mm and 4.7 mm, respectively. Dimensions in the plica group were 7.0 mm and 7.4 mm, respectively. When the presence of posterolateral plica was determined using the dimension criteria, there was no difference in the prevalence of the plica between the asymptomatic and the plica group. However, using the coverage criteria, the prevalence of posterolateral elbow plica was significantly greater in the plica group than the asymptomatic group (64% vs. 18%; p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe patients who underwent arthroscopic surgery for posterolateral plica syndrome had larger dimensions of the posterolateral synovial fold and higher prevalence of the posterolateral plica on conventional MRI compared to the asymptomatic subjects.
| S-EPMC5473528 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundChronic joint injury of the elbow joint is common in patients with hemophilia. Myofascial release is used for the management of pain and functionality in patients with chronic restrictions.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of myofascial release in patients with hemophilic elbow arthropathy.MethodsSixty-nine patients with hemophilia took part in this randomized controlled trial. They were recruited from 10 hemophilia patient Associations. They were randomly allocated to experimental (n = 35) or control group (n = 34). The intervention consisted of three 50-min sessions of fascial therapy over a 3-week period. The intervention included 11 bilaterally administered maneuvers in both upper limbs (from shoulder girdle to forearm). The study variables were frequency of elbow bleeding (self-report), joint status (Hemophilia Joint Health Score), and joint pain (visual analog scale) at baseline, after the intervention, and at the 3-month follow-up.ResultsThere were significant changes (P < .001) in the repeated measures factor in the frequency of hemarthrosis (F = 20.64), joint status (F = 31.45), and perceived joint pain (F = 30.08). We found group interaction with the (P < .001) in the frequency of hemarthrosis (F = 21.57), joint status (F = 99.98), and perceived joint pain (F = 44.26). There were changes (P < .01) in the pairwise comparison analysis between the pretreatment assessment and the posttreatment and follow-up assessments.ConclusionsMyofascial release decreases frequency of elbow bleedings, and improved joint status and perception of elbow pain in patients with hemophilic elbow arthropathy. Myofascial release may be recommended to improve joint status and joint pain in patients with hemophilic elbow arthropathy.
| S-EPMC8137002 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Simultaneous ipsilateral fractures involving radial head and distal end of radius are uncommon. We present our thoughts on which fracture should be addressed first. A 68-year-old lady sustained an ipsilateral fracture of the right radial head and distal end of radius following a fall. Clinically her right elbow was posteriorly dislocated and right wrist was deformed. Plain radiographs showed an intraarticular fracture of the distal end of radius and a comminution radial head fracture with a proximally migrated radius. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed no significant ligament injuries. We addressed her distal radius first with an anatomical locking plate followed by her radial head with a radial head replacement. Our rationale to treat the distal end radius: first was to obtain a correct alignment of Lister's tubercle and correct the distal radius height. Lister's tubercle was used to guide for the correct rotation of the radial head prosthesis. Correcting the distal end fracture radial height helped us with length selection of the radial head prosthesis and address the proximally migrated radial shaft and neck. Postoperative radiographs showed an acceptable reduction. The Cooney score was 75 at 3 months postoperatively, which was equivalent to a fair functional outcome.
| S-EPMC6529367 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo verify the safety and effectiveness of manual therapy intervention using fascial therapy in adult patients with haemophilic elbow arthropathy.MethodsProspective cohort study. A total of 28 patients with haemophilic elbow arthropathy was recruited in 3 cities in Spain. Patients received one-fascial therapy session per week for 3 weeks. The dependent variables were: frequency of joint bleeding, joint pain (visual analogue score) and joint status (Hemophilia Joint Health Score). Outcomes were measured at baseline (T0), post-treatment (T1) and after 3 months' follow-up (T2). Using Student's t-test, the means obtained in the evaluations were compared. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) test of repeated measures provided the intra-subject effect. The chosen level of significance was p < 0.05.ResultsA total of 28 patients were recruited according to the selection criteria. No joint bleeding occurred during or after the intervention. The primary outcome, frequency of bleeding, improved after intervention (p <0.001). The secondary variables joint status and joint pain improved after the experimental period (p <0.001). There were significant changes in the repeated measures factor in the frequency of haemarthrosis (F = 20.61; p = 0.00), joint status (F = 64.11; p = 0.00) and perceived pain (F = 33.15; p = 0.00).ConclusionManual therapy using fascial therapy did not produce haemarthrosis in patients with haemophilic elbow arthropathy. Fascial therapy can improve the perception of pain and joint state,maintaining this improvement after a follow-up period of 3 months.
| S-EPMC8008725 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Direct posterior and posterolateral portals are the standard portals used in posterior elbow arthroscopy. A posteromedial portal in the elbow is not recommended because of its proximity to the ulnar nerve. However, iatrogenic injuries to the ulnar nerve have been reported after elbow arthroscopy using the standard posterior portals, especially in posteromedial elbow joint pathologies. We present a surgical technique applicable to posteromedial elbow pathology by using ultrasound-assisted posteromedial portal placement of the elbow joint. Through this technique, the position of the ulnar nerve is identified prior to portal creation and the instruments are introduced from an ulnar to radial direction, thus avoiding ulnar nerve injury.
| S-EPMC5621707 | biostudies-other