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Telomere Length but Not Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Is Altered in Both Young and Old COPD.

ABSTRACT: Accelerated ageing is implicated in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but recent evidence indicates that the COPD can have roots early in life. Here we hypothesise that the accelerated ageing markers might have a role in the pathobiology of young COPD. The objective of this study was to compare two hallmarks of ageing, telomere length (TL), and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN, as a surrogate marker of mitochondrial dysfunction) in young (≤ 50 years) and old (>50 years) smokers, with and without COPD. Both, TL and mtDNA-CN were measured in whole blood DNA by quantitative PCR [qPCR] in: (1) young ever smokers with (n = 81) or without (n = 166) COPD; and (2) old ever smokers with (n = 159) or without (n = 29) COPD. A multivariable linear regression was used to assess the association of TL and mtDNA-CN with lung function. We observed that in the entire study population, TL and mtDNA-CN decreased with age, and the former but not the latter related to FEV1/FVC (%), FEV1 (% ref.), and DLCO (% ref.). The short telomeres were found both in the young and old patients with severe COPD (FEV1 <50% ref.). In addition, we found that TL and mtDNA-CN were significantly correlated, but their relationship was positive in younger while negative in the older patients with COPD, suggesting a mitochondrial dysfunction. We conclude that TL, but not mtDNA-CN, is associated with the lung function impairment. Both young and old patients with severe COPD have evidence of accelerated ageing (shorter TL) but differ in the direction of the correlation between TL and mtDNA-CN in relation to age.

SUBMITTER: Casas-Recasens S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8652089 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Aberrant telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number in suicide completers.

Project description:Short telomere length (TL) occurs in individuals under psychological stress, and with various psychiatric diseases. Recent studies have also reported mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) alterations under several neuropsychiatric conditions. However, no study has examined whether aberrant TL or mtDNAcn occur in completed suicide, one of the most serious outcomes of mental illnesses. TL and mtDNAcn in post-mortem samples from 528 suicide completers without severe physical illness (508 peripheral bloods; 20 brains) and 560 samples from control subjects (peripheral bloods from 535 healthy individuals; 25 post-mortem brains) were analysed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Suicide completers had significantly shorter TL and higher mtDNAcn of peripheral bloods with sex/age-dependent differences (shorter TL was more remarkably in female/young suicides; higher mtDNAcn more so in male/elderly suicides). The normal age-related decline of TL and mtDNAcn were significantly altered in suicide completers. Furthermore, shorter TL and lower mtDNAcn of post-mortem prefrontal cortex were seen in suicide completers compared to controls. This study shows the first association of aberrant telomeres and mtDNA content with suicide completion. Our results indicate that further research on telomere shortening and mitochondrial dysfunction may help elucidate the molecular underpinnings of suicide-related pathophysiology.

| S-EPMC5466636 | biostudies-literature

Alterations of Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Telomere Length With Early Adversity and Psychopathology.

Project description:Telomere shortening and alterations of mitochondrial biogenesis are involved in cellular aging. Childhood adversity is associated with telomere shortening, and several investigations have shown short telomeres in psychiatric disorders. Recent studies have examined whether mitochondria might be involved in neuropsychiatric conditions; findings are limited and no prior work has examined this in relation to stress exposure.Two-hundred ninety healthy adults provided information on childhood parental loss and maltreatment and completed diagnostic interviews. Participants were categorized into four groups based upon the presence or absence of childhood adversity and the presence or absence of lifetime psychopathology (depressive, anxiety, and substance use disorders). Telomere length and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number were measured from leukocyte DNA by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Childhood adversity and lifetime psychopathology were each associated with shorter telomeres (p < .01) and higher mtDNA copy numbers (p < .001). Significantly higher mtDNA copy numbers and shorter telomeres were seen in individuals with major depression, depressive disorders, and anxiety disorders, as well as those with parental loss and childhood maltreatment. A history of substance disorders was also associated with significantly higher mtDNA copy numbers.This study provides the first evidence of an alteration of mitochondrial biogenesis with early life stress and with anxiety and substance use disorders. We replicate prior work on telomere length and psychopathology and show that this effect is not secondary to medication use or comorbid medical illness. Finally, we show that early life stress and psychopathology are each associated with these markers of cellular aging.

| S-EPMC4503518 | biostudies-literature

Depressive Symptoms Predict Change in Telomere Length and Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Across Adolescence.

Project description:ObjectiveSeveral studies have found associations between a diagnosis or symptoms of major depressive disorder and markers of cellular aging and dysfunction. These investigations, however, are predominantly cross-sectional and focus on adults. In the present study, we used a prospective longitudinal design to test the cross-sectional association between depressive symptoms in adolescents and telomere length (TL) as well as mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-cn).MethodA total of 121 adolescents (mean age = 11.38 years, SD = 1.03; 39% male adolescents and 61% female adolescents) were followed for approximately 2 years. At baseline and follow-up, participants provided saliva for DNA extraction, from which measures of TL and mtDNA-cn were obtained. Depressive symptoms were obtained via the Children's Depression Inventory.ResultsThere was no association between depressive symptoms and markers of cellular aging at baseline; however, depressive symptoms at baseline predicted higher rates of telomere erosion (β = -0.201, p = .016) and greater increases in mtDNA-cn (β = 0.190, p = .012) over the follow-up period. Markers of cellular aging at baseline did not predict subsequent changes in depressive symptoms. Furthermore, including the number of stressful life events did not alter these patterns of findings.ConclusionThese results indicate that depressive symptoms precede changes in cellular aging and dysfunction, rather than the reverse.

| S-EPMC7160006 | biostudies-literature

Longitudinal associations of lifetime adiposity with leukocyte telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number.

Project description:Adiposity may cause adverse health outcomes by increasing oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, which can be reflected by altered telomere length (TL) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtCN) in peripheral blood leukocytes. However, little is known about the influence of lifetime adiposity on TL and mtCN in later life. This study was performed to investigate the associations of lifetime adiposity with leukocyte TL and mtCN in 9613 participants from the Nurses' Health Study. A group-based trajectory modelling approach was used to create trajectories of body shape from age 5 through 60 years, and a genetic risk score (GRS) was created based on 97 known adiposity susceptibility variants. Associations of body shape trajectories and GRS with dichotomized TL and mtCN were assessed by logistic regression models. After adjustment for lifestyle and dietary factors, compared with the lean-stable group, the lean-marked increase group had higher odds of having below-median TL (OR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.04, 1.35; P = 0.01), and the medium-marked increase group had higher odds of having below-median mtCN (OR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.00, 1.64; P = 0.047). There was a suggestive trend toward lower mtCN across the GRS quartiles (P for trend = 0.07). In conclusion, telomere attrition may be accelerated by marked weight gain in middle life, whereas mtCN is likely to be reduced persistently by adiposity over the life course. The findings indicate the importance of lifetime weight management to preserve functional telomeres and mitochondria.

| S-EPMC8063494 | biostudies-literature

Telomere length is correlated with mitochondrial DNA copy number in intestinal, but not diffuse, gastric cancer.

Project description:A positive correlation between telomere length and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number has previously been observed in healthy individuals, and in patients with psychiatric disorders. In the present study, telomere length and mtDNA copy number were evaluated in gastric cancer (GC) tissue samples. DNA was extracted from 109 GC samples (including 82 intestinal, and 27 diffuse cases), and the telomere length and mtDNA copy number were analyzed using a quantitative-polymerase chain reaction assay. The relative telomere length and mtDNA copy number in tumor tissue, as compared with in normal tissue, (mean ± standard deviation) in all GC samples were 11.48±1.14 and 14.86±1.35, respectively. Telomere length and mtDNA copy number were not identified as exhibiting clinical or prognostic value for GC. However, positive correlations between telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number were identified in GC (r=0.408, P<0.001) and in the adjacent normal mucosa (r=0.363; P<0.001). When stratified by Lauren classification, the correlation was identified in intestinal type GC samples (r=0.461; P<0.001), but not in diffuse type GC samples (r=0.225; P=0.260). This result indicated that loss of the correlation of telomeres and mitochondrial function may induce the initiation or progression of GC pathogenesis.

| S-EPMC5494672 | biostudies-other

Association of telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number in a community sample of healthy adults.

Project description:Cellular aging plays a role in longevity and senescence, and has been implicated in medical and psychiatric conditions, including heart disease, cancer, major depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. Telomere shortening and mitochondrial dysfunction are thought to be central to the cellular aging process. The present study examined the association between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and telomere length in a sample of medically healthy adults. Participants (total n=392) were divided into 4 groups based on the presence or absence of early life adversity and lifetime psychopathology: No Adversity/No Disorder, n=136; Adversity/No Disorder, n=91; No Adversity/Disorder, n=46; Adversity/Disorder, n=119. Telomere length and mtDNA copy number were measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. There was a positive correlation between mtDNA and telomere length in the entire sample (r=0.120, p<0.001) and in each of the four groups of participants (No Adversity/No Disorder, r=0.291, p=0.001; Adversity/No Disorder r=0.279, p=0.007; No Adversity/Disorder r=0.449, p=0.002; Adversity/Disorder, r=0.558, p<0.001). These correlations remained significant when controlling for age, smoking, and body mass index and establish an association between mtDNA and telomere length in a large group of women and men both with and without early adversity and psychopathology, suggesting co-regulation of telomeres and mitochondrial function. The mechanisms underlying this association may be important in the pathophysiology of age-related medical conditions, such as heart disease and cancer, as well as for stress-associated psychiatric disorders.

| S-EPMC4459604 | biostudies-literature

Association of telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number with risperidone treatment response in first-episode antipsychotic-naive schizophrenia.

Project description:Accumulating evidence indicates a putative association of telomere length and mitochondrial function with antipsychotics response in schizophrenia (SCZ). However, pharmacological findings were limited and no previous work has assessed this in a prospective longitudinal study. This study assessed telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number in first-episode antipsychotic-naïve SCZ patients with 8-week risperidone treatment to evaluate the association between these biomarkers and clinical treatment response. We recruited 137 first-episode antipsychotic-naive SCZ patients (and 144 controls) at baseline and 89 patients completed the 8-week follow-up. Patients, completed follow-up, were divided into Responders (N = 46) and Non-Responders (N = 43) according to the percentage of symptoms improvement. Linear regression analyses show that SCZ patients had significantly lower mtDNA copy number (β = -0.108, p = 0.002), and no alteration of telomere length when compared with healthy controls. In addition, compared with Non-Responders, Responders had significantly lower mtDNA copy number (β = -0.178, p = 0.001), and longer telomere length (β = 0.111, p = 0.071) before the 8-week treatment. After treatment, Responders persisted lower mtDNA copy number comparing with No-Responders (partial η(2) = 0.125, p = 0.001). These findings suggest that telomere length and mtDNA copy number may hold the potential to serve as predictors of antipsychotic response of SCZ patients.

| S-EPMC4683467 | biostudies-other

Exposure to Inorganic Arsenic Is Associated with Increased Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Longer Telomere Length in Peripheral Blood.

Project description:BackgroundExposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) through drinking water causes cancer. Alterations in mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and telomere length in blood have been associated with cancer risk. We elucidated if arsenic exposure alters mtDNAcn and telomere length in individuals with different arsenic metabolizing capacity.MethodsWe studied two groups in the Salta province, Argentina, one in the Puna area of the Andes (N = 264, 89% females) and one in Chaco (N = 169, 75% females). We assessed arsenic exposure as the sum of arsenic metabolites [iAs, methylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA)] in urine (U-As) using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with hydride generation and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Efficiency of arsenic metabolism was expressed as percentage of urinary metabolites. MtDNAcn and telomere length were determined in blood by real-time PCR.ResultsMedian U-As was 196 (5-95 percentile: 21-537) ?g/L in Andes and 80 (5-95 percentile: 15-1637) ?g/L in Chaco. The latter study group had less-efficient metabolism, with higher %iAs and %MMA in urine compared with the Andean group. U-As was significantly associated with increased mtDNAcn (log2 transformed to improve linearity) in Chaco (? = 0.027 per 100 ?g/L, p = 0.0085; adjusted for age and sex), but not in Andes (? = 0.025, p = 0.24). U-As was also associated with longer telomere length in Chaco (? = 0.016, p = 0.0066) and Andes (? = 0.0075, p = 0.029). In both populations, individuals with above median %iAs showed significantly higher mtDNAcn and telomere length compared with individuals with below median %iAs.ConclusionsArsenic was associated with increased mtDNAcn and telomere length, particularly in individuals with less-efficient arsenic metabolism, a group who may have increased risk for arsenic-related cancer.

| S-EPMC4992680 | biostudies-literature

Alterations in telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number in human lymphocytes on short-term exposure to moderate hypoxia.

Project description:Hypoxia is related to a variety of diseases, such as cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases and various cancers. Telomere length (TL) may vary according to the hypoxia level and cell types. To the best of our knowledge, no study has investigated the effect of moderate hypoxia on TL and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) in human lymphocytes. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the effect of moderate hypoxia on TL in correlation with mtDNAcn. This study included 32 healthy male nonsmoker's subjects; in this cohort, we had previously studied sister chromatid exchange and microsatellite instability. Blood samples from each subject were divided into three groups: a control group and two experimental groups exposed to moderate hypoxia for 12 or 24 h. Relative TL and mtDNAcn were measured by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The TL in the control group did not significantly differ from that in the experimental group subjected to hypoxia for 12 h; however, the TL in the 24 h hypoxia-treated experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The correlation between TL and mtDNAcn was not statistically significant in the two hypoxic states. The increase in TL was observed on exposure to hypoxia for 24 h and not for 12 h; thus, the findings suggest that telomere elongation is related to hypoxia exposure duration. The mtDNAcn in the two experimental groups did not significantly differ from that in the control group. These observations suggest that mtDNAcn alterations show more genetic stability than TL alterations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first in vitro study on human lymphocytes reporting an increase in TL and no alteration in mtDNAcn after short-time exposure to moderate hypoxia.

| S-EPMC7600389 | biostudies-literature

Chronological Aging Standard Curves of Telomere Length and Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in Twelve Tissues of C57BL/6 Male Mouse.

Project description:The changes in telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) are considered to be aging markers. However, many studies have provided contradictory or only fragmentary information about changes of these markers in animal models, due to inaccurate analysis methods and a lack of objective aging standards. To establish chronological aging standards for these two markers, we analyzed telomere length and mtDNAcn in 12 tissues-leukocytes, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, pituitary gland, adrenal gland, retina, aorta, liver, kidney, spleen, skeletal muscle, and skin-from a commonly used rodent model, C57BL/6 male mice aged 2⁻24 months. It was found that at least one of the markers changed age-dependently in all tissues. In the leukocytes, hippocampus, retina, and skeletal muscle, both markers changed age-dependently. As a practical application, the aging marker changes were analyzed after chronic immobilization stress (CIS) to see whether CIS accelerated aging or not. The degree of tissue-aging was calculated using each standard curve and found that CIS accelerated aging in a tissue-specific manner. Therefore, it is expected that researchers can use our standard curves to objectively estimate tissue-specific aging accelerating effects of experimental conditions for least 12 tissues in C57BL/6 male mice.

| S-EPMC6468494 | biostudies-literature

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