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Consumer perceptions of antimicrobial use in animal husbandry: A scoping review.

ABSTRACT: Antimicrobial use in animal agriculture is often perceived to play a role in the emerging threat of antimicrobial resistance. Increased consumer awareness of this issue places pressure on animal husbandry to adopt policies to reduce or eliminate antimicrobial use. We use a scoping review methodology to assess research on consumer perceptions of antimicrobial drugs in meat products in the United States, Canada, or the European Union. Evaluating peer-reviewed and grey literature, we included studies for assessment if they met these topical and geographic requirements, involved primary data collection, and were originally published in English. Our screening process identified 124 relevant studies. Three reviewers jointly developed a data charting form and independently charted the contents of the studies. Of the 105 studies that measured consumer concern, 77.1% found that consumers were concerned about antimicrobial use in meat production. A minority of studies (29.8% of all studies) queried why consumers hold these views. These studies found human health and animal welfare were the main reasons for concern. Antimicrobial resistance rarely registered as an explicit reason for concern. A smaller group of studies (23.3%) measured the personal characteristics of consumers that expressed concern about antimicrobials. Among these studies, the most common and consistent features of these consumers were gender, age, income, and education. Regarding the methodology used, studies tended to be dominated by either willingness-to-pay studies or Likert scale questionnaires (73.64% of all studies). We recommend consideration of qualitative research into consumer views on this topic, which may provide new perspectives that explain consumer decision-making and mentality that are lacking in the literature. In addition, more research into the difference between what consumers claim is of concern and their ultimate purchasing decisions would be especially valuable.

SUBMITTER: Barrett JR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8654221 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundThe human resource gap in veterinary sectors, particularly in low-income countries, imposes limitations on the delivery of animal healthcare in hard-to-reach populations. Lay animal health workers have been deployed in these settings to fill the gap though there are mixed views about the benefits of doing this and whether they can deliver services safely. We mapped evidence on the nature and extent of roles assigned to lay animal vaccinators, and identified lessons useful for their future deployment.Methodology/principal findingsFollowing the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines, we searched seven bibliographic databases for articles published between 1980 and 2021, with the search terms lay OR community-based OR volunteer AND "animal health worker" OR vaccinator*, and applied an a priori exclusion criteria to select studies. From 30 identified studies, lay vaccinators were used by non-government developmental (n = 12, 40%), research (n = 10, 33%) and government (n = 5, 17%) programmes to vaccinate domestic animals. The main reason for using lay vaccinators was to provide access to animal vaccination in the absence of professional veterinarians (n = 12, 40%). Reported positive outcomes of programmes included increased flock and herd sizes and farmer knowledge of best practice (n = 13, 43%); decreased disease transmission, outbreaks and mortality (n = 11, 37%); higher vaccination coverage (10, 33%); non-inferior seroconversion and birth rates among vaccinated herds (n = 3, 10%). The most frequently reported facilitating factor of lay vaccinator programmes was community participation (n = 14, 47%), whilst opposition from professional veterinarians (n = 8, 27%), stakeholders seeking financial gains to detriment of programmes goals (n = 8, 27%) and programming issues (n = 8, 27%) were the most frequently reported barriers. No study reported on cost-effectiveness and we found no record from a low and middle-income country of lay vaccinator programmes being integrated into national veterinary services.ConclusionAlthough the majority of included studies reported more benefits and positive perceptions of lay vaccinator programmes than problems and challenges, regularization will ensure the programmes can be designed and implemented to meet the needs of all stakeholders.

Project description:Background: Robust measurement and tracking of antimicrobial use (AMU) is a fundamental component of stewardship interventions. Feeding back AMU metrics to individual clinicians is a common approach to changing prescribing behavior. Metrics must be meaningful and comprehensible to clinicians. Little is known about how veterinary clinicians working in the United States (US) hospital setting think about AMU metrics for antimicrobial stewardship. Objective: To identify hospital-based veterinary clinicians' attitudes toward audit and feedback of AMU metrics, their perceptions of different AMU metrics, and their response to receiving an individualized prescribing report. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with veterinarians working at two hospitals in the Eastern US. Interviews elicited perceptions of antimicrobial stewardship in veterinary medicine. Respondents were shown a personalized AMU Report characterizing their prescribing patterns relative to their peers and were asked to respond. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using the framework method with matrices. Results: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 34 veterinary clinicians (22 small animal and 12 large animal). Respondents generally felt positive about the reports and were interested in seeing how their prescribing compared to that of their peers. Many respondents expressed doubt that the reports accurately captured the complexities of their prescribing decisions and found metrics associated with animal daily doses (ADDs) confusing. Only 13 (38.2%) respondents felt the reports would change how they used antimicrobials. When asked how the impact of the reports could be optimized, respondents recommended providing a more detailed explanation of how the AMU metrics were derived, education prior to report roll-out, guidance on how to interpret the metrics, and development of meaningful benchmarks for goal-setting. Conclusions: These findings provide important insight that can be used to design veterinary-specific AMU metrics as part of a stewardship intervention that are meaningful to clinicians and more likely to promote judicious prescribing.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become an emerging issue in the developing countries as well as in Bangladesh. AMR is aggravated by irrational use of antimicrobials in a largely unregulated pluralistic health system. This review presents a 'snap shot' of the current situation including existing policies and practices to address AMR, and the challenges and barriers associated with their implementation. METHODS:A systematic approach was adopted for identifying, screening, and selecting relevant literature on AMR situation in Bangladesh. We used Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Biomed Central databases for searching peer-reviewed literature in human, animal and environment sectors during January 2010-August 2019, and Google for grey materials from the institutional and journal websites. Two members of the study team independently reviewed these documents for inclusion in the analysis. We used a 'mixed studies review' method for synthesizing evidences from different studies. RESULT:Of the final 47 articles, 35 were primary research, nine laboratory-based research, two review papers and one situation analysis report. Nineteen articles on human health dealt with prescribing and/or use of antimicrobials, five on self-medication, two on non-compliance of dosage, and 10 on the sensitivity and resistance patterns of antibiotics. Four papers focused on the use of antimicrobials in food animals and seven on environmental contamination. Findings reveal widespread availability of antimicrobials without prescription in the country including rise in its irrational use across sectors and consequent contamination of environment and spread of resistance. The development and transmission of AMR is deep-rooted in various supply and demand side factors. Implementation of existing policies and strategies remains a challenge due to poor awareness, inadequate resources and absence of national surveillance. CONCLUSION:AMR is a multi-dimensional problem involving different sectors, disciplines and stakeholders requiring a One Health comprehensive approach for containment.

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Consumer perceptions of antimicrobial use in animal husbandry: A scoping review.

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